Abstract: The oil and gas of the Meso-Neoproterozoic strata in East Siberia, Oman and Sichuan Basin of China have been explored successfully, which indicates that the Meso-Neoproterozoic strata seem to be a series of oil-gas source strata which are worthy of attention. The Meso-Neoproterozoic source rocks in Yanshan area of China are well developed, which shows good prospects for oil and gas exploration. Previous studies have been carried out in this area without substantial breakthrough in the exploration. In this paper, the authors summed up the oil and gas exploration progress of the Meso-Neoproterozoic strata in Yanshan area, studied the organic geochemical characteristics of source rocks, analyzed the hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks and evaluated the resources potentiality. Furthermore, the authors suggest that it is necessary to find the stable tectonic conditions of the MesoNeoproterozoic strata accurately, to strengthen the research on the preservation conditions of oil and gas resources and focus on the shale gas-based resources exploration.