Abstract: The Tibetan Plateau is an important ecological environment barrier in China. Protecting a fragile and important eco-environment is a major environmental issue that must be considered first in the development of mineral resources. The exploitation of mineral resources in the Tibetan Plateau has an important pillar position in regional economic and social development, and is also an important reserve and strategic base for the development of mineral resources in China. Based on the survey of mine geo-environment, the authors hold that, due to the comprehensive influence of various factors such as insufficient awareness of environmental protection in the past, the impact of exploration and development of mineral resources on the vegetation ecology of the plateau is generally serious, and hence the protection and restoration of alpine meadow vegetation become the most important and most conspicuous environmental problem in the Tibetan Plateau. Based on the restrictive factors such as coldness, hypoxia, little soil and inconvenient traffic, this paper puts forward the countermeasures for the exploration and development of mineral resources that have the priority in protecting the vegetation ecology of the source:improve the permit conditions for mining in the Tibetan Plateau, build a mechanism based on the ecological protection of the source, formulate the development and utilization planning, mining layout based on assessment of mining geo-environmental carrying capacity, establish a base for mineral resources reserves that can be explored and reasonably developed, establish a long-term monitoring network for mine eco-environment and promote the ecological restoration technology system of plateau vegetation. The purpose is to provide a geological basis for the government to make scientific decisions in the exploration and development of green mineral resources.