Geochronology and isotopic geochemistry characteristics of the Maoling large gold deposit, Liaoning Province, China
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摘要:
猫岭矿床是华北克拉通北缘重要的含砷浸染型金矿之一，赋存于元古代辽河群变质岩中。矿体以脉状、似层状、透镜状等产出，受NE向和NW向韧性剪切带及次级断裂控制。选取猫岭矿床10件硫化物样品开展了Rb-Sr定年，获得Rb-Sr等时线年龄为2287±95Ma（MSWD=1.9），初始Sr同位素比值ISr=0.7117，显示成矿作用发生于古元古代早期。矿区内卧龙泉和猫岭岩体的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为183.0±1.8Ma、128.8±1.6Ma，表明晚中生代岩浆活动与猫岭金矿化无成因联系。成矿流体的δ18OW值为6.3‰~9.7‰，δDW值为-97.2‰~-82.6‰，表明成矿流体主要来源于岩浆热液，混合部分大气降水。金属硫化物的δ34S值为+4.3‰~+10.5‰，平均值为+7.9‰，与辽河群盖县组的硫同位素组成相似，表明硫源区为古元古代盖县组。猫岭矿床形成于古元古代伸展构造背景，与辽河群早期的同构造岩浆-热液活动有关，同期形成的强硅化圈保护金矿体免受后期地质作用的破坏。
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关键词:
- 锆石U-Pb定年 /
- 硫化物Rb-Sr定年 /
- 同位素地球化学 /
- 猫岭金矿 /
- 辽东半岛
Abstract:The Maoling large gold deposit, located in northern North China Craton, is an As-bearing disseminated gold deposit. The ore bodies are hosted in the metamorphic rocks of the Proterozoic Liaohe Group. The gold orebodies appear as veins, bedded, and lenticular, and controlled by NE-and NW-striking ductile shear belts and secondary faults. We present Rb-Sr ages from ten metallic sulfide samples which reveal the mineralization timing of the Maoling gold deposit as 2287±95Ma (MSWD=1.9), initial Sr isotopic value ISr=0.7117. The high precision LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating method has been applied to measure the ages of the Wolongquan and Maoling granitic intrusions in the Maoling deposit, corresponding the dated ages of 183.0±1.8Ma, 128.8±1.6Ma, respectively. The Late Mesozoic magmatic activities were not related to the formation of the Maoling deposit. The calculated δ18O water values of ore-forming fluids show a range of 6.3‰ to 9.7‰. The δD values range of -97.2‰ to -82.6‰. H-O isotopic data indicate the ore-forming fluids were mainly derived from magmatic fluid with minor metoric water. The δ34S values recorded in the sulfide minerals from the Maoling deposit show a range of +4.3‰ to +10.5‰, averaging +7.9‰, similar to sulfur isotopic composition of the Gaixian Formaiton of the Liaohe Group. This evidence shows sulfur derived from strata of the Gaixian Formation. The Maoling gold deposit was formed in Paleoproterozoic extensional setting. The gold mineralization could be related to syntectonic magmatic hydrothermal activities in the early formation process of the Liaohe Group, and was not destroyed by later geological activitions as protection of contemporaneous strong silicfication belt.
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致谢: 野外工作期间得到辽宁省有色地质局一〇三队刘福兴教授级高级工程师、李生辉高级工程师的热情帮助，室内测试过程中得到中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所侯可军副研究员、王倩助理研究员的热情帮助，感谢评审专家对文章的审阅，在此一并致以诚挚的感谢。
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图 1 辽东半岛区域地质和主要金矿床分布简图（据参考文献[15]修改）
1—中生代花岗岩；2—面理化的侏罗纪花岗岩；3—元古宙花岗岩；4—镁铁质-超镁铁质岩石；5—白垩纪陆相沉积岩；6—侏罗纪火山岩；7—石炭系-二叠系；8—寒武系-奥陶系；9—新元古代碳酸盐岩、砂岩、石英岩和板岩；10—古元古代板岩、大理岩和变泥质岩（辽河群）；11—古元古代镁铁质岩浆弧带：超镁铁质岩、镁铁质岩、片麻岩、硅质岩和变泥质岩；12—片麻状混合岩和基底片麻岩；13—断裂；14—地质界线；15—金矿床：①—分水金矿；②—白云金矿；③—小佟家堡子金矿；④—石庙子金矿；⑤—王家崴子金矿；⑥—猫岭金矿；⑦—塔岭金矿；⑧—五龙金矿；⑨—四道沟金矿
Figure 1. Sketch geological map of the Liaodong peninsula, showing distribution of major gold deposits in the Liaodong peninsula
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图版Ⅰ
a.碎裂结构，早期半自形-他形粒状毒砂，晚期他形粒状磁黄铁矿；b.包含结构，晚期他形粒状磁黄铁矿包含早期他形粒状毒砂；c.包含结构，磁黄铁矿包含黄铜矿；d.石英-磁黄铁矿脉；e.蚀变岩中半自形粒状毒砂、他形粒状磁黄铁矿；f.蚀变岩中他形粒状磁黄铁矿。Apy—毒砂；Ccp—黄铜矿；Po—磁黄铁矿；Q—石英
图版Ⅰ.
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图 3 猫岭矿床卧龙泉和猫岭岩体代表性锆石阴极发光图像
Figure 3. Representative cathodoluminescence images of zircons from Wolongquan and Maoling intrusions in the Maoling deposit
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图 4 猫岭矿床卧龙泉（a）和猫岭岩体（b）锆石U-Pb谐和图
Figure 4. Zircon U-Pb concordian diagrams of Wolongquan(a) and Maoling intrusions(b) in the Maoling deposit
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图 5 猫岭矿床金属硫化物Rb-Sr等时线图解
Figure 5. Rb-Sr isochron of metallic sulfides from the Maoling deposit
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图 6 猫岭矿床δ18OW-δD体系图（据参考文献[31]修改）
Figure 6. δD versus δ18OW diagram of the Maoling deposit
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图 7 猫岭矿床及相关地质体硫同位素组成（硫同位素数据据本文和参考文献[11]）
Figure 7. Sulfur isotopic composition histograms of sulfide minerals from the Maoling deposit and regional rocks
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图 8 猫岭矿床87Rb/86Sr-1/Rb（a）和87Sr/86Sr-1/Sr（b）关系
Figure 8. Diagrams of 1/Rb versus 87Rb/86Sr (a) and 1/Sr versus 87Sr/86Sr (b) of the Maoling deposit
表 1 猫岭矿床卧龙泉岩体和猫岭岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb分析结果
Table 1 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Th-Pb data of the Wolongquan and Maoling intrusions from the Maoling deposit
样品号 含量/10–6 同位素比值 Th/U 年龄/Ma Pb Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 卧龙泉岩体 LM-122.01 168 713 5090 0.0504 0.00103 0.1983 0.0038 0.02851 0.0003 0.1 181.2 1.9 LM-122.02 143 709 4462 0.05112 0.00064 0.202 0.0027 0.0286 0.00031 0.2 181.8 1.9 LM-122.03 70 488 2205 0.04992 0.00079 0.197 0.0029 0.02864 0.0003 0.2 182 1.9 LM-122.04 51 231 1609 0.05283 0.00096 0.2091 0.0039 0.02864 0.00026 0.1 182 1.6 LM-122.05 116 776 3585 0.05073 0.0008 0.2002 0.004 0.02864 0.0005 0.2 182.1 3.1 LM-122.06 119 1077 3483 0.05096 0.00115 0.2015 0.0048 0.02865 0.00032 0.3 182.1 2.0 LM-122.07 65 373 2072 0.04976 0.0007 0.1971 0.0027 0.02871 0.00026 0.2 182.4 1.6 LM-122.08 40 158 1121 0.05488 0.00177 0.2192 0.0073 0.02878 0.00036 0.1 182.9 2.3 LM-122.09 119 557 3478 0.0565 0.00128 0.2241 0.0051 0.02883 0.0003 0.2 183.2 1.9 LM-122.10 48 955 1218 0.05624 0.0018 0.2251 0.0072 0.02887 0.00033 0.8 183.5 2.1 LM-122.11 160 1271 4533 0.0533 0.00112 0.2125 0.0037 0.02888 0.00029 0.3 183.5 1.8 LM-122.12 85 460 2843 0.05639 0.00148 0.2236 0.0075 0.02891 0.00096 0.2 183.7 6.0 LM-122.13 109 373 3168 0.05823 0.0014 0.2325 0.0046 0.02893 0.00035 0.1 183.8 2.2 LM-122.14 43 182 1378 0.05502 0.00127 0.2193 0.0048 0.02899 0.00041 0.1 184.2 2.6 LM-122.15 212 733 6450 0.05835 0.00087 0.2346 0.0042 0.02906 0.00029 0.1 184.6 1.8 LM-122.16 65 236 1972 0.05665 0.00122 0.2282 0.0051 0.02915 0.00028 0.1 185.2 1.7 猫岭岩体 LM-119.01 10 377 382 0.05065 0.00261 0.1383 0.0069 0.0199 0.00044 1.0 127.0 2.8 LM-119.02 5 153 199 0.04875 0.004 0.1337 0.0099 0.01993 0.00082 0.8 127.2 5.2 LM-119.03 7 181 255 0.04903 0.00199 0.1346 0.0055 0.01993 0.00032 0.7 127.2 2.0 LM-119.04 6 185 223 0.05034 0.003 0.1388 0.0086 0.02 0.0005 0.8 127.7 3.2 LM-119.05 11 342 444 0.0482 0.0019 0.1326 0.0048 0.02013 0.0004 0.8 128.5 2.5 LM-119.06 8 270 301 0.04901 0.00165 0.1357 0.0047 0.02023 0.00029 0.9 129.1 1.8 LM-119.07 9 242 291 0.04939 0.00353 0.1383 0.0096 0.0204 0.00054 0.8 130.2 3.4 LM-119.08 7 185 235 0.04931 0.00183 0.1378 0.0051 0.02046 0.00034 0.8 130.6 2.2 LM-119.09 9 279 331 0.04962 0.00186 0.1385 0.005 0.02047 0.00041 0.8 130.7 2.6 LM-119.10 27 420 546 0.05216 0.00234 0.2732 0.011 0.03824 0.00143 0.8 241.9 8.9 LM-119.11 8 117 141 0.04956 0.00364 0.2689 0.0213 0.03941 0.00134 0.8 249.2 8.3 LM-119.12 689 1069 1678 0.1205 0.0012 5.0004 0.0898 0.30131 0.0053 0.6 1697.8 26.2 LM-119.13 571 744 1434 0.1173 0.0018 4.9207 0.0989 0.30301 0.00477 0.5 1706.2 23.6 
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表 2 猫岭矿床金属硫化物Rb-Sr同位素分析结果
Table 2 Rb-Sr isotopic analyses of metallic sulfides from the Maoling deposit
序号 样号 样品描述 分析矿物 Rb/10–6 Sr/10–6 87Rb/86Sr 87Sr/86Sr(2σ) 1 LM-11 石英-毒砂±磁黄铁矿脉 毒砂 0.3243 2.117 0.4508 0.725791±0.000009 2 LM-12 石英-毒砂±磁黄铁矿脉 毒砂 0.2506 1.439 0.5136 0.734573±0.000012 3 LM-12 石英-毒砂±磁黄铁矿脉 磁黄铁矿 0.6938 0.3416 5.981 0.909864±0.000010 4 LM-13 石英-毒砂±磁黄铁矿脉 毒砂 0.1235 7.408 0.0492 0.711808±0.000008 5 LM-14 石英-毒砂±磁黄铁矿脉 毒砂 0.0839 1.973 0.1247 0.714946±0.000009 6 LM-18 石英-毒砂±磁黄铁矿脉 毒砂 0.1407 0.4209 0.9834 0.742992±0.000007 7 LM-19 石英-毒砂±磁黄铁矿脉 毒砂 0.1531 0.4108 1.105 0.752298±0.000013 8 LM-20 石英-毒砂±磁黄铁矿脉 磁黄铁矿 0.7345 0.5931 3.654 0.832743±0.000009 9 LM-21 石英-毒砂±磁黄铁矿脉 毒砂 0.3821 0.5696 1.982 0.775928±0.000008 10 LM-22 石英-毒砂±磁黄铁矿脉 毒砂 0.3509 0.6188 1.675 0.761271±0.000016
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表 3 猫岭矿床氢、氧同位素分析结果
Table 3 Hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions of the Maoling deposit
样号 成矿阶段 样品描述 测试矿物 δD/‰ δ18Oquartz/‰ δ18Owater/‰ T/℃ LM-2 Ⅰ 石英-毒砂±磁黄铁矿脉 石英 -87.7 15.2 8.6 308 LM-3 Ⅰ 石英-毒砂±磁黄铁矿脉 石英 -89.2 16.1 9.5 308 LM-4 Ⅰ 石英-毒砂±磁黄铁矿脉 石英 -82.6 16.3 9.7 308 LM-1 Ⅱ 石英-磁黄铁矿±毒砂脉 石英 -86.0 14.9 7.2 279 LM-5 Ⅱ 石英-磁黄铁矿±毒砂脉 石英 -89.5 14.7 7.0 279 LM-6 Ⅱ 石英-磁黄铁矿±毒砂脉 石英 -83.6 15.2 7.5 279 LM-7 Ⅱ 石英-磁黄铁矿±毒砂脉 石英 -97.2 14.0 6.3 279 LM-10 Ⅱ 石英-磁黄铁矿±毒砂脉 石英 -82.7 15.0 7.3 279 注：流体包裹体完全均一温度(T)数据据参考文献[11]
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表 4 猫岭矿床金属硫化物硫同位素分析结果
Table 4 Sulfur isotopic compositions of metallic sulfides from the Maoling deposit
序号 样号 成矿阶段 测试矿物 δ34S/‰ 数据来源 序号 样号 成矿阶段 测试矿物 δ34S/‰ 数据来源 1 LM-11 Ⅱ 磁黄铁矿 5.5 本文 22 L9* Ⅰ 毒砂 4.3 [11] 2 LM-13 Ⅱ 磁黄铁矿 5.0 本文 23 L8-1* Ⅰ 毒砂 6.8 [11] 3 LM-18 Ⅱ 磁黄铁矿 6.5 本文 24 L8* Ⅰ 毒砂 8.1 [11] 4 LM-20 Ⅰ 毒砂 8.5 本文 25 L8-2* Ⅰ 毒砂 9.1 [11] 5 LM-21 Ⅱ 磁黄铁矿 6.1 本文 26 L9-1* Ⅱ 毒砂 9.2 [11] 6 LM-22 Ⅱ 磁黄铁矿 6.1 本文 27 L14-2* Ⅰ 毒砂 9.0 [11] 7 LM-101 Ⅰ 毒砂 9.7 本文 28 L5* Ⅱ 方铅矿 6.4 [11] 8 LM-103 Ⅰ 毒砂 9.3 本文 29 L5-1* Ⅱ 黄铁矿 10.0 [11] 9 LM-104 Ⅰ 磁黄铁矿 6.8 本文 30 3LH3208* Ⅰ 毒砂 8.9 [11] 10 LM-107 Ⅰ 毒砂 9.2 本文 31 MSP94* Ⅰ 毒砂 9.9 [11] 11 LM-110 Ⅰ 毒砂 10.1 本文 32 3LH3216* Ⅰ 毒砂 9.1 [11] 12 LM-112 Ⅰ 磁黄铁矿 7.6 本文 33 3LH3227* Ⅰ 毒砂 9.7 [11] 13 LM-113 Ⅰ 磁黄铁矿 7.5 本文 34 MSP48* Ⅰ 磁黄铁矿 7.4 [11] 14 LM-114 Ⅱ 磁黄铁矿 7.3 本文 35 MSP68* Ⅰ 磁黄铁矿 7.2 [11] 15 LM-115 Ⅱ 磁黄铁矿 7.2 本文 36 MSZHC* Ⅱ 毒砂 7.4 [11] 16 LM-116 Ⅱ 磁黄铁矿 6.8 本文 37 MSZHD* Ⅱ 毒砂 9.0 [11] 17 L30 Ⅰ 毒砂 5.2 [11] 38 MND* Ⅰ 毒砂 10.2 [11] 18 L31 Ⅰ 毒砂 7.4 [11] 39 MNQD* Ⅰ 毒砂 9.8 [11] 19 L32* Ⅱ 毒砂 4.6 [11] 40 MNZHC* Ⅰ 磁黄铁矿 7.3 [11] 20 L33* Ⅰ 毒砂 10.5 [11] 41 MSCH* Ⅱ 磁黄铁矿 7.5 [11] 21 L14-1* Ⅰ 毒砂 8.7 [11] 42 MNZHD* Ⅱ 磁黄铁矿 8.3 [11]
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