Abstract: With increasing difficulty in the development of oil and gas exploration in large oil and gas-bearing basins in Northeast China, old oil field development level has entered the late stage, and the detection of new oil and gas areas is an urgent task. As one of the seven primary prospective basins in the periphery of the Songliao Basin, Sanjiang Basin has a great potential for oil and gas explora-tion. Through a series of oil and gas geological survey work carried out in the Sanjiang Basin recently, the authors made some new progress and obtained new understanding in such aspects as biogas resources, dark mudstone in Late Paleozoic strata and hydrocarbon potential of silica rock. The results obtained by the authors are of great significance for evaluation of oil and gas resource potential and the further oil and gas exploration work.