First discovery of modern mud volcanoes in Qiangtang Basin and its petroleum geological significance
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摘要:
在羌塘盆地唢呐湖地区发现现代泥火山，通过采集泥浆样、水样等样品，开展水化学离子、水溶烃类气体、碳氢氧稳定同位素等测试分析，对现代泥火山的油气地质意义进行了探讨。水化学类型和氢氧同位素表明，该地区地下可能存在油气藏；水溶烃类气体测试结果表明，气体成分为C1~C5，以甲烷为主，与常规气藏的气体成分一致；碳同位素判别结果表明，其为热解成因的油成气。结合泥火山的地质背景，表明泥火山为油气藏破坏渗漏的产物，在保存良好的未泄露地区，油气勘探具有良好前景。
Abstract:For the first time the modern mud volcanoes were found in Suonahu area of Qiangtang Basin. Through collecting water samples and mud samples and analyzing water chemical ions, water soluble hydrocarbon gas, and carbon and oxygen stable isotope, this paper discusses oil and gas geological significance of modern mud volcanoes. Hydrochemical types and hydrogen and oxygen iso-topes indicate that underground reservoirs may exist in this area. The test results of water-soluble hydrocarbon gas show that the gas composition is C1~C5, mainly methane, consistent with the gas composition of the conventional gas reservoir, and the carbon iso-tope discrimination result shows that it is oil gas of pyrolysis origin. Combined with geological background of the mud volcano, it is shown that mud volcano is the product of oil and gas reservoir seepage and leakage, and hence good prospects for oil and gas explora-tion lie in well preserved and non leaking areas.
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致谢: 承蒙成都理工大学文华国教授和核工业二八〇研究所权建平研究员审阅全文并提出了宝贵的修改意见, 野外工作得到成都地质调查中心谭富文、陈明研究员的热情帮助，成都理工大学伊海生教授和核工业二八〇研究所魏继生、刘君豪、李金锋、仇季龙也给予了诸多帮助, 在此一并致谢。
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图 3 唢呐湖地区泥火山分布
1—第四系冲积；2—第四系冲洪积；3—推测断层；4—河流；5—现代泥火山；6—古泥火山；7—泥火山分布区序号
Figure 3. Distribution of mud volcanoes in Suonahu area
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图 5 研究区水样氢氧同位素组成
Figure 5. Hydrogen and orygen isotopic compositions of water samples in study aroa
表 1 唢呐湖地区泥浆样和水样的水化学及氢氧同位素测试结果
Table 1 The test results of water chemical and water mud samples as well as hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of Suonahu area
序号 样品编号 离子含量/（mg·L-1） 氢氧稳定同位素/‰ 水的化学类型 泥火山编号 备注 Cl- SO42- Na+ K+ Mg2+ Ca2+ HCO3- δD δ18O 苏林分类 1 S-1 93.3 56.3 833 92.8 13.5 127 / -79.7 -9.3 重碳酸钠 N04 泥浆 2 S-2 258 92.1 1009 104 8.7 100 / -92 -10.5 重碳酸钠 N05 3 S-3 / / / / / / / / / / N06 4 S-4 168 86.7 412 25.4 3.83 4.94 / -75.2 -7.5 重碳酸钠 N8 5 S-5 227 93 465 18.2 1.73 3.42 / -81.3 -8 重碳酸钠 N12 6 S-6 16719 3735 12983 405 430 94.3 3417 -34.2 2.2 重碳酸钠 泥火山湖水 7 S-7 38444 7102 29106 992 393 / 5704 -55.4 -3.8 重碳酸钠 8 S-8 8534 1810 7059 259 184 / 2465 -63.5 -2.8 重碳酸钠 9 S-9 4727 1083 3806 160 46.2 257 2171 -24.2 2.3 重碳酸钠 非泥火山水体 10 S-10 -120.4 -13.1 11 S-11 4157 944 3413 137 49.3 208 2061 -102.5 -11 重碳酸钠 12 S-12 13105 2645 10250 389 225 / 2060 -117.1 -12.6 重碳酸钠 注：数据由核工业北京地质研究院测试提供 
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表 2 唢呐湖地区泥浆样、水样烃类气体及碳同位素测试结果
Table 2 The test results of water samples, mud samples of hydrocarbon gas and carbon isotope in Suonahu area
序号 样品编号 测试结果汇总（μL.kg-1) 碳同位素/‰ 泥火山编号 备注 甲烷 乙烷 丙烷 异丁烷 正丁烷 异戊烷 正戊烷 δ13C1 δ13C2 1 S-1 1194 86.3 35.3 4.35 5.84 3.67 2.42 -46.1 -29.1 N04 泥浆 2 S-2 684 36 13 1.66 2.09 1.31 0.970 -47.2 N05 3 S-3 2279 471 218 25 33 19.3 15.9 -46.0 -30.6 N06 4 S-4 594 37.90 14 1.89 2.250 1.6 1.18 -46.6 -28.1 N8 5 S-5 459 27.1 10.5 1.27 1.580 1.16 0.74 -46.9 N12 6 S-6 0.170 0.006 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.002 0.002 泥火山湖水 7 S-7 0.200 0.005 0.005 0.003 0.002 0.005 0.005 8 S-8 0.470 0.006 0.006 0.004 0.006 0.004 0.004 9 S-9 2.380 0.100 0.041 0.011 0.006 0.008 0.006 非泥火山水体 10 S-10 0.270 0.008 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.008 0.005 11 S-11 1.440 0.004 0.004 0.006 0.006 0.002 0.006 12 S-12 58.2 0.007 0.010 0.007 0.010 0.007 0.010 -45.0 注：数据由核工业北京地质研究院测试提供
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