Rock-forming and ore-forming ages and geochemistry of the Layikeleke porphyry Cu(Mo) deposit in East Junggar of Xinjiang and their geological significance
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摘要:
拉伊克勒克矿床是在第四系覆盖区新发现的隐伏斑岩铜（钼）矿床。采用LA-ICP-MS技术，对赋矿岩体英云闪长岩中的锆石和矿石中的辉钼矿分别进行锆石U-Pb同位素、Re-Os同位素和锆石Hf同位素测定及相应的研究。测得锆石U-Pb年龄为421.8±2.5Ma，辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄为409.1±2.6Ma，表明拉伊克勒克斑岩铜（钼）矿床形成于晚志留世—早泥盆世，与琼河坝地区主要斑岩矿床大规模成矿时间一致。英云闪长岩属过铝质-钙碱性系列花岗岩类，岩体具有较高的铝钙含量，K2O/Na2O值普遍偏低，介于0.16~0.29之间；稀土元素配分曲线呈现右倾特征，稀土元素总量较低，轻稀土元素相对富集，负Eu异常不明显。在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图上，高场强元素Th、Nb、Ta、P、Ti等相对亏损，大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、U、K、Sr等相对富集。同时岩体具有高的正εHf（t）值（10.98~15.01）和年轻的模式年龄（451~708Ma），暗示英云闪长岩体是大陆边缘弧环境下大洋板片熔融的产物，对进一步明确琼河坝地区斑岩型矿床的成矿环境和找矿方向具有重要意义。
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关键词:
- LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄 /
- 辉钼矿Re-Os年龄 /
- 地球化学 /
- Hf同位素 /
- 斑岩铜矿床 /
- 英云闪长岩 /
- 拉伊克勒克
Abstract:The Layikeleke deposit is a concealed porphyry deposit newly discovered by comprehensive geoprehensive exploration in Quaternary coverage area. In this paper, U-Pb dating of LA-ICP-MS zircon and dating of Re-Os isotope and Hf isotopes were conducted to investigate the petrology, isotope geochemistry and the age of mineralized tonalities. U-Pb dating of LA-ICP-MS zircon was conducted to investigate the age of the sample, which is 421.8±2.5Ma, and the Re-Os weighted mean age for five molybde-nite samples is 409.1±2.6Ma, suggesting that, from the Late Silurian to the Early Devonian, the Layikeleke porphyry copper (molyb-denum) deposit was formed here, similar to things of the porphyry in Qiongheba area. The tonalities are of peraluminous and calc-al-kaline series with high Al2O3, CaO and low K2O/Na2O ratios. The pluton has low total REE content with relative enrichment of LREE and obscure Eu negative anomaly. The primitive mantle normalized trace element patterns are characterized by the depletion of the HFSE (Th, Nb, Ta, P, Ti) and enrichment of the LILE (Rb, Ba, U, K, Sr). The testing results of Hf isotope show that tonalitie plutons have high and positive εHf(t) and younger model age, indicating that they were formed in a continental margin arc setting and were related to partial melting of subducted oceanic crust. The results obtained by the authors have important significance for deepen-ing the understanding of magmatic hydrothermal metallogenesis in this area.
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Keywords:
- LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age /
- molybdenite Re-Os age /
- geochemistry /
- Hf isotope /
- porphyry copper deposit /
- tonalite /
- Layikeleke
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致谢: 感谢中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所激光多接收等离子质谱LA-MC-ICP-MS实验室侯可军研究员对锆石U-Pb和Hf同位素测试工作的指导；感谢国家地质实验测试中心Re-Os同位素实验室李超、杜安道研究员对Re-Os同位素测试的指导；感谢审稿专家提出的宝贵意见。
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图 1 拉伊克勒克矿区及周边地质简图
a—大地构造位置图（据参考文献[1]修改）；b—区域地质图；c—矿区及周边地质简图；1—第四系；2—中泥盆统第二岩性段；3—中泥盆统第一岩性段；4—中泥盆统安山岩；5—中泥盆统玄武岩；6—下泥盆统托让格库都克组；7—海西期二长花岗岩；8—海西期花岗斑岩；9—海西期石英闪长岩；10—海西早期花岗闪长岩；11—加里东期英云闪长岩；12—辉绿岩脉；13—拉伊克勒克铜（钼）矿床范围；14—隐伏矽卡岩型矿床范围；15—断层；16—季节性河流；17—地球化学采样点；18—锆石样品采样点；19—辉钼矿样品采样点
Figure 1. Geological map of the Layikeleke ore district and surrounding areas
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图 2 拉伊克勒克英云闪长岩心及镜下照片
a—英云闪长岩，主要由具环带结构的中长石（An）、石英（Qtz）和黑云母（黑色）组成；b—英云闪长岩由石英（Qtz）、中长石（An）、少量微斜长石（Or）和次生黑云母（Bi）集合体组成（正交偏光）；c—由英云闪长岩蚀变形成的绢英岩中，绢云母（Ser）集合体仍保持着斜长石的假象（正交偏光）；d—英云闪长岩蚀变形成的云英岩中黄铁矿（Py）大量形成（正交偏光）
Figure 2. Photomicrographs of tonalite from Layikeleke
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图 3 拉伊克勒克矿区英云闪长岩SiO2-K2O（a）和A/CNK-A/NK图解（b）
Figure 3. SiO2-K2O(a) and A/CNK-A/NK(b) diagrams of tonalite in Layikeleke
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图 4 拉伊克勒克矿区英云闪长岩稀土元素模式图（a）和微量元素蛛网图（b）
Figure 4. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and trace element primitive mantle-normalized spider diagram of tonalite in the Layikeleke ore district
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图 5 拉伊克勒克斑岩矿床英云闪长岩锆石阴极发光（CL）图像、测点及206Pb/238U年龄
Figure 5. CL images, testing spots and 206Pb/238U ages of zircons from Layikeleke tonalite
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图 6 拉伊克勒克斑岩矿床英云闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb谐和图
Figure 6. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb concordia diagram of tonalite in the Layikeleke ore district
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图 7 拉伊克勒克斑岩铜（钼）矿矿石中辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄图
Figure 7. Re-Os model ages of molybdenite in ore from Layikeke
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图 10 琼河坝地区斑岩铜矿床 Y-Nb（a）和（Y+Nb）-Rb（b）图解
Figure 10. Y-Nb（a）and（Y+Nb）-Rb（b）diagram of copper porphyry deposits in Qionghebai area
表 1 拉伊克勒克矿区英云闪长岩主量、微量和稀土元素分析结果
Table 1 Major, trace and rare earth element concentrations for tonalite in Layikeleke area
样品 H-1 ZK244-2-10 ZK322-1-13 ZK276-2-22 ZK277-1-8 ZK230-5-4 SiO2 63.58 64.07 64.19 65.1 65.44 63.75 TiO2 0.42 0.33 0.34 0.36 0.28 0.36 Al2O3 16.89 17.45 17.72 17.36 16.86 17.56 Fe2O3 1.89 1.47 0.49 1.14 0.97 2 FeO 2.64 2.05 1.93 1.72 1.92 2.52 CaO 4.74 4.76 2.48 3.64 4.42 4.26 MgO 2.11 1.39 0.67 1.74 1.13 1.44 MnO 0.13 0.17 0.08 0.06 0.28 0.2 K2O 1.18 0.68 1.57 1.35 0.77 0.77 Na2O 4.19 4.22 3.18 4.58 3.99 4.22 P2O5 0.16 0.16 0.18 0.15 0.14 0.17 CO2 0.25 1.22 2.79 0.34 1.67 0.76 H2O+ 1.36 1.44 4.02 1.94 1.55 1.54 烧失量 1.31 2.35 6.26 1.97 2.99 1.89 总量 99.24 99.1 99.09 99.17 99.19 99.14 A/CNK 1.01 1.07 1.55 1.11 1.09 1.13 A/NK 2.07 2.27 2.56 1.93 2.28 2.26 La 13 6.58 12.7 8.57 7.64 7.58 Ce 28.1 15.1 26.8 16.4 19.2 17.7 Pr 3.13 1.86 3.47 2.22 2.04 2.14 Nd 12.3 8.09 14.5 9.17 8.26 8.95 Sm 2.48 1.64 2.46 1.86 1.64 1.77 Eu 0.87 0.66 0.83 0.68 0.58 0.68 Gd 2.39 1.65 2.03 1.7 1.62 1.66 Tb 0.4 0.22 0.28 0.3 0.23 0.26 Dy 1.89 1.23 1.51 1.58 1.26 1.43 Ho 0.39 0.23 0.3 0.32 0.27 0.27 Er 1.24 0.77 0.88 1.01 0.83 0.88 Tm 0.17 0.11 0.13 0.14 0.12 0.15 Yb 1.17 0.73 0.86 0.97 0.81 0.99 Lu 0.19 0.12 0.13 0.16 0.14 0.16 Y 11.6 7.45 7.9 8.3 8.31 8.6 ∑REE 67.72 38.99 66.88 45.08 44.64 44.62 LREE/HREE 7.64 6.71 9.93 6.29 7.45 6.69 (La/Yb)N 7.97 6.47 10.59 6.34 6.77 5.49 δEu 1.08 1.21 1.10 1.15 1.08 1.19 Rb 19.2 11.6 23.4 16.2 12.4 9.83 Ba 588 251 186 375 253 262 Th 1.84 0.63 0.75 0.88 0.65 0.72 U 0.98 0.39 0.49 0.49 0.32 0.57 Sr 718 687 784 566 562 674 Zr 106 88.4 85.4 82.7 56.2 72 Hf 2.57 2.52 2.41 2.27 1.7 2.25 Nb 4.29 2.92 3.33 3.55 3.49 3.42 Ta 0.33 0.16 0.2 0.21 0.21 0.19 V 98.2 62.4 51 70.7 46.5 68 Cr 21.2 5.9 3.92 12.1 5.4 6.22 Ni 12.7 4.36 2.41 4.89 4.11 4.74 Co 11.9 6.14 2.68 3.86 4.61 5.64 Cr 63.58 64.07 64.19 65.1 65.44 63.75 注:主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素为10-6 
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表 2 拉伊克勒克英云闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素分析结果
Table 2 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Th-Pb isotopic compositions of the zircons from tonalite in Layikeleke
样品编号 含量/10-6 232Th/238U 同位素比值 年龄/Ma Pb 232Th 238U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/ 235U 1σ 206Pb/ 238U 1σ 208Pb/ 232Th 1σ 206Pb/ 238U 1σ zk230-1-1 2.89 13.14 39.18 0.34 0.059 0.004 0.542 0.037 0.068 0.001 0.021 0.001 422 8 zk230-1-2 2.63 12.11 35.82 0.34 0.058 0.003 0.526 0.028 0.067 0.002 0.022 0.001 421 8 zk230-1-3 3.31 15.28 46.98 0.33 0.056 0.003 0.519 0.025 0.067 0.001 0.021 0.001 417 6 zk230-1-4 2.97 15.03 40.49 0.37 0.062 0.004 0.585 0.040 0.068 0.001 0.025 0.002 424 8 zk230-1-5 5.50 29.31 76.91 0.38 0.055 0.002 0.508 0.018 0.068 0.001 0.020 0.001 422 6 zk230-1-6 6.37 38.56 88.54 0.44 0.053 0.002 0.494 0.021 0.068 0.001 0.020 0.001 424 6 zk230-1-7 3.58 23.64 47.27 0.50 0.062 0.003 0.580 0.030 0.068 0.001 0.021 0.001 425 7 zk230-1-8 4.70 27.96 64.97 0.43 0.054 0.003 0.508 0.024 0.068 0.001 0.020 0.001 422 6 zk230-1-9 4.33 22.72 60.66 0.37 0.061 0.003 0.569 0.023 0.067 0.001 0.024 0.001 421 7 zk230-1-10 5.20 33.10 71.97 0.46 0.060 0.002 0.557 0.023 0.068 0.001 0.021 0.001 423 7 zk230-1-11 4.23 24.08 59.34 0.41 0.059 0.002 0.551 0.020 0.068 0.001 0.019 0.001 422 5 zk230-1-12 2.00 9.11 28.11 0.32 0.065 0.005 0.600 0.045 0.068 0.001 0.021 0.001 423 8 zk230-1-13 5.14 34.53 69.84 0.49 0.058 0.002 0.537 0.019 0.067 0.001 0.021 0.001 419 5 zk230-1-14 5.83 39.91 77.82 0.51 0.059 0.002 0.549 0.026 0.068 0.001 0.021 0.001 425 7 zk230-1-15 2.48 11.59 35.04 0.33 0.061 0.004 0.572 0.036 0.067 0.001 0.021 0.001 419 8 zk230-1-16 3.13 15.32 43.60 0.35 0.062 0.004 0.575 0.036 0.067 0.001 0.026 0.002 420 8 zk230-1-17 7.59 49.32 103.04 0.48 0.058 0.002 0.538 0.021 0.068 0.001 0.023 0.001 423 7 zk230-1-18 10.53 70.83 150.91 0.47 0.056 0.002 0.522 0.018 0.068 0.001 0.020 0.001 421 8 zk230-1-19 6.33 45.62 84.11 0.54 0.058 0.002 0.533 0.021 0.067 0.001 0.021 0.001 419 4 zk230-1-20 3.46 17.50 47.05 0.37 0.059 0.003 0.554 0.028 0.068 0.001 0.022 0.001 424 6 zk230-1-21 5.46 35.33 72.53 0.49 0.052 0.002 0.487 0.020 0.068 0.001 0.021 0.001 422 6 zk230-1-22 7.56 50.72 96.52 0.53 0.060 0.002 0.562 0.022 0.068 0.001 0.022 0.001 422 5 zk230-1-23 12.69 86.46 169.80 0.51 0.055 0.001 0.515 0.013 0.068 0.001 0.021 0.001 422 5 zk230-1-24 3.37 18.43 46.02 0.40 0.056 0.002 0.518 0.023 0.068 0.001 0.022 0.001 423 6 zk230-1-25 3.95 21.53 53.33 0.40 0.057 0.003 0.537 0.032 0.068 0.001 0.024 0.001 424 7
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表 3 拉伊克勒克矿区矿石中辉钼矿Re-Os同位素数据
Table 3 Re-Os isotopic data of molybdenite in ore from Layikeleke
样品号 样重/g Re/10-6 普Os/10-9 187Re/10-6 187Os/10-9 模式年龄/Ma 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 zk276—1 — 10 0.00507 414 3.9 0.01 0.14 260 2.5 1768 16 407 6.3 zk276—1 — 13 0.00505 371 4.4 0.17 0.21 233 2.8 1604 14 411 6.9 zk276—1 — 17 0.00125 1678 13 0.64 2.17 1054 8 7232 57 410 5.6 zk276—1 — 19 0.00118 1901 14 0.08 0.26 1195 9 8159 65 409 5.5 zk276—1—20 0.00236 388 3.3 0.02 0.37 244 2.1 1670 15 409 6.1 注:ε Hf(t)=10000×{[(176Hf/177Hf)S-(176 Lu /177Hf)S×(e λ t-1)]/[(176Hf/177Hf)CHU R，0-(176Lu/177Hf)CHU R ×(e λ t-1)-1};tDM1 = 1/λln{1 +[(176Hf/177Hf)S-(176 Hf/177Hf)DM]/[(176Lu/177Hf)S-(176Lu/177Hf)DM]}; tDM2 =1/λ×ln{1+[(176 Hf/177Hf)S，t-(176Hf/177Hf)DM，t]/[(176Lu/177Hf)c-(176Lu/177Hf)DM]}+t; (176Lu/177Hf)S和(176Hf/177Hf)S为样品测定值; (176Hf/177Hf)CHUR，0=0. 282772，(176Lu /177Hf)CHUR=0. 0332，(176Hf/177Hf) DM = 0. 28325，(176Lu/177Hf) DM= 0. 0384(据参考文献[33-34]); λ= 1.867 ×10-11/a(据参考文献[35]); (176 Lu/177Hf) c = 0. 015;t为锆石结晶时间，为421.8Ma
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表 4 拉伊克勒克英云闪长岩锆石Hf同位素分析结果
Table 4 Hf isotopic data compositions for the zircon grains from tonalite in Layikeleke
测点编号 176Yb/177Hf 176Lu/177Hf 2σ 176Hf/177Hf 2σ εHf(0) εHf(t) εHf(t)2σ tDMl tDM2 fLu/Hf zk230—1 — 1 0.010794 0.000495 0.000007 0.282873 0.000017 3.56 12.71 0.62 531 598 —0.985 zk230—1—2 0.023554 0.001093 0.000005 0.282889 0.000017 4.12 13.11 0.61 516 572 —0.967 zk230—1—3 0.013676 0.000664 0.000008 0.282929 0.000015 5.55 14.66 0.52 454 473 —0.979 zk230—1—4 0.032870 0.001545 0.000018 0.282893 0.000021 4.28 13.14 0.73 516 570 —0.953 zk230—1—5 0.023462 0.001110 0.000008 0.282879 0.000016 3.78 12.77 0.58 530 594 —0.966 zk230—1—6 0.018785 0.000907 0.000014 0.282856 0.000018 2.97 12.01 0.65 560 643 —0.972 zk230—1—7 0.020862 0.000971 0.000005 0.282827 0.000017 1.96 10.98 0.61 601 708 —0.970 zk230—1—8 0.011347 0.000553 0.000002 0.282880 0.000015 3.83 12.97 0.53 521 581 —0.983 zk230—1—9 0.026524 0.001271 0.000007 0.282887 0.000017 4.07 13.01 0.62 521 579 —0.961 zk230—1 — 10 0.010748 0.000516 0.000007 0.282876 0.000017 3.70 12.85 0.61 525 589 —0.984 zk230—1 — 11 0.026145 0.001250 0.000007 0.282914 0.000019 5.04 13.99 0.67 482 516 —0.962 zk230—1 — 12 0.034350 0.001555 0.000087 0.282844 0.000022 2.55 11.41 0.79 587 681 —0.953 zk230—1 — 13 0.036849 0.001725 0.000042 0.282876 0.000019 3.67 12.48 0.70 544 612 —0.948 zk230—1 — 14 0.016829 0.000828 0.000010 0.282911 0.000016 4.93 13.99 0.58 481 516 —0.975 zk230—1 — 16 0.029929 0.001408 0.000038 0.282921 0.000020 5.28 14.19 0.71 474 504 —0.957 zk230—1 — 17 0.019938 0.000961 0.000016 0.282866 0.000018 3.33 12.36 0.66 546 620 —0.971 zk230—1 — 18 0.032224 0.001530 0.000021 0.282871 0.000037 3.51 12.38 1.31 547 619 —0.953 zk230—1 — 19 0.020448 0.000972 0.000023 0.282917 0.000018 5.14 14.17 0.64 474 505 —0.970 zk230—1—20 0.020772 0.000973 0.000018 0.282859 0.000028 3.07 12.09 1.01 557 638 —0.970 zk230—1—21 0.039276 0.001813 0.000013 0.282887 0.000020 4.06 12.85 0.72 529 589 —0.945 zk230—1—22 0.036325 0.001648 0.000027 0.282904 0.000020 4.65 13.49 0.72 503 548 —0.950 zk230—1—23 0.024800 0.001180 0.000008 0.282898 0.000017 4.44 13.41 0.61 505 553 —0.964 zk230—1—24 0.042428 0.001940 0.000014 0.282931 0.000020 5.62 14.38 0.73 467 491 —0.941 zk230—1—25 0.028323 0.001275 0.000014 0.282904 0.000018 4.66 13.60 0.65 497 541 —0.961
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