Physical modeling of Xu-Huai thrust-fold belt on the southeastern margin of North China Block
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摘要:
徐淮地区发育一系列推覆-褶皱带，以皇藏峪背斜为界，区域剖面分为具有明显构造差异的东部、西部构造带，其中东部构造带样式主要表现为斜歪褶皱，西部构造带为一系列逆冲推覆构造，构造变形强烈。采用物理模拟手段对徐淮推覆-褶皱带构造的控制因素进行实验研究，选取硅胶、微玻璃珠模拟不同性质滑脱层，石英砂模拟沉积脆性盖层，改变盖层与基底摩擦力、滑脱层深度变化等控制因素。模拟结果表明，剖面上滑脱层性质及深度变化控制区域剖面构造的强弱变化。皇藏峪背斜以东主要以新元古界青白口系泥灰岩充当滑脱层，滑脱层深度大，构造样式主要表现为斜歪褶皱；皇藏峪背斜以西则以寒武系页岩为滑脱层，滑脱层深度小，构造样式主要表现为逆冲推覆构造。
Abstract:Xu-Huai area has developed a series of thrust-fold belts. The regional section is divided into eastern and western tectonic zones with obvious structural differences:the eastern tectonic belt mainly shows the characteristics of inclined fold, and the western tectonic belt mainly shows the characteristics of a series of thrusts in style. In this paper, the authors studied Xu-Huai thrust-fold belt with the physical modeling method, selected silica gel and micro glass beads to simulate different decollement properties, selected quartz sand to simulate sedimentary brittle cover layer, and changed basal control factors such as friction and decollement depth. The modeling results show that the properties of decollement along the section and the depth change control the regional structural defor-mation. To the east of Huang-Cang valley anticline, main decollement is Upper Proterozoic marl of deep burial depth, and the main tectonic style is characterized by inclined fold; to the west of Huang-Cangvalley anticline, Cambrian shale serves as the decollement, and the decollement is of small depth, with the tectonic style characterized by a series of thrusts.
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Keywords:
- Xu-Huai thrust-fold belt /
- physical model /
- decollement /
- North China Block
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致谢: 物理模拟实验中得到南京大学地球科学与工程学院闫兵、吴坚理老师及张振师兄的热心帮助，贾东教授在文章写作中提出了宝贵意见，在此一并表示衷心感谢。
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图 5 区域最大应力场统计极密图
（A与B代表研究区最大主应力轴机密点）
Figure 5. Statistics of the region's maximum stress field
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图 7 物理模拟模型1演化图
a~d—缩短率分别为2.00%、13.50%、20.50%、30.00%；e—缩短率为30.00%时沿挤压方向的横切剖面图；
1~9代表相应断层发育顺序；Ⅰ~Ⅲ代表相应构造单元发育顺序Figure 7. The sequential photographs showing deformation evolution of model 1
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图 8 徐淮推覆-褶皱带物理模拟中模型1(a)、模型2(b)的断层角度/缩短率关系图(1~9代表相应断层编号)、模型1与2楔长/缩短率（c）、楔高/缩短率(d)、楔角/缩短率(e)对比图及最终剖面上断层间距/断层顺序（f）对比图
（断层顺序1~8代表活动端向固定端测量断层间距的顺序）
Figure 8. Model 1(a), model 2(b) fault angle/shortening ratio diagram, model 1 and 2 wedge long/short ratio(c), wedge high/ short ratio(d), wedge angle/short ratio(e) contrast diagram and the final section on fault distance/order(f) contrast diagram
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图 9 物理模拟模型2演化图
a~e—缩短率分别为2.00%、13.00%、18.25%、23.25%、30.00%；
f—缩短率为30.00%时沿挤压方向的切片图；1~5代表相应断层发育顺序；
Ⅰ—Ⅴ代表相应构造单元发育顺序(1’、2’、4’、5’代表与1、2、4、5同时生成的断层)Figure 9. The sequential photographs showing deformation evolution of model 2
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图 10 物理模拟模型3演化图
a~f—缩短率分别为2.00%、11.50%、16.50%、25.50%、31.70%；
g—缩短率为31.70%时沿挤压方向的切片图；Ⅰ—Ⅵ—代表相应构造单元发育顺序(其中Ⅲ’代表与Ⅲ同时生成的构造单元)Figure 10. The sequential photographs showing deformation evolution of model 3
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图 11 徐淮推覆-褶皱构造带物理模拟中模型3(a)、模型4(b)相应构造单元隆起高度/缩短率关系图和相邻构造单元间距/次序关系图（c）
（次序1~6代表从活动端向固定端测量断层间距的顺序；Ⅰ~Ⅴ代表构造单元先后顺序）
Figure 11. Model 3 (a) and model 4 (b) uplift height of the corresponding tectonic units/shortening rate diagram and adjacent structural unit spacing/sequence diagram (c)
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图 12 物理模拟模型4演化图
a~e—缩短率分别为1.75%、8.75%、15.00%、21.75%、30.00%；f—缩短率为30.00%时沿挤压方向的切片图，
Ⅰ~Ⅴ代表相应构造单元发育顺序(其中Ⅲ’代表与Ⅲ同时生成的构造单元)Figure 12. The sequential photographs showing deformation evolution of model 4
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