Zircon U-Pb ages, genetic evolution and geological significance of Carboniferous granites in the Harlik Mountain, East Tianshan, Xinjiang
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摘要:
新疆北部广泛发育的石炭纪—二叠纪花岗质岩石一直是中亚造山带西段研究的热点之一。新获得东天山哈尔里克地区小铺黑云母二长花岗岩和沁城南含角闪石二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为316±4Ma和320±3Ma。地球化学特征显示，小铺岩体为弱过铝质高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩，沁城南岩体为准铝质高钾钙碱性A型花岗岩。小铺岩体的εHf（t）值为+8.0~+13.8，沁城南岩体则更高，达到+10.8~+16.7，对应的地壳模式年龄（TDMc）分别为822~450Ma和641~268Ma，反映源区为年轻地壳物质。结合区域同时代产出的基性岩，指示这些年轻物质很可能与新的幔源基性底侵岩浆有关，为北疆哈尔里克地区石炭纪后碰撞地壳垂向生长提供了新证据。此外，沁城南岩体具有A型特征花岗岩的出现，进一步揭示晚石炭世为碰撞-后碰撞的重要构造转换期。
Abstract:Extensively developed granitoids in northern Xinjiang have constituted one of the hotspots in the study of granite in the western Central Asian Orogenic Belt. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb analysis of the Xiaopu biotite monzogranite and Qinchengnan hornblende monzogranite in the Harlic area yielded crystallization ages of 316±4Ma and 320±3Ma. Their petrological and geochemical characteristics show that Xiaopu pluton belongs to high-K calc-alkaline and weakly peraluminous series of I-type granite, whereas the Qinchengnan pluton belongs to high-K calc-alkaline and metaluminous series with A-type granite characteristics. The Xiaopu pluton has positive zircon εHf (t) values of +8.0~+13.8, and the Qinchengnan pluton has higher εHf (t) values up to +10.8~+16.7, with corresponding Hf model ages (TDMc) of 822~450Ma and 641~268Ma, respectively. These isotopic compositions indicate that young crust served as the main source of the granite generation. Combined with coeval basic rocks with similar isotopic compositions in this region, it can be believed that these young granites might have been related to the new mantle-derived basic magma underplating and exhibited the post-collision vertical growth. Additionally, the Qinchengnan granites have A-type granite characteristics, thus providing a further evidence for the transition period of Late Carboniferous from collision to post-collision settings.
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Keywords:
- granites /
- crustal growth /
- zircon U-Pb ages /
- East Tianshan /
- Carboniferous
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致谢: 感谢中国地质科学院地质研究所贾孝新硕士和中国地质大学（北京）张义、王玮、许元全、刘鹏杰、陈林君硕士在数据测试中提供的帮助，以及评审专家对本文提出的宝贵修改意见。
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图 3 小铺黑云母二长花岗岩（a）和沁城南含角闪石二长花岗岩（b）显微照片
Qz—石英；Pl—斜长石；Kf—钾长石
Figure 3. Photomicrographs of granites from Xiaopu (a) and Qinchengnan (b)
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图 4 小铺黑云母二长花岗岩(T12716-1.2)和沁城南含角闪石二长花岗岩(T12716-8.4)锆石阴极发光（CL）图像
（图中实线圆圈为年龄分析点位，虚线圆圈为Hf同位素分析点位）
Figure 4. Zircon CL images of Xiaopu and Qinchengnan granites
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图 5 小铺黑云二长花岗岩（a）和沁城南含角闪石二长花岗岩（b）锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图
Figure 5. Zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams of Xiaopu (a) and Qinchengnan (b) granites
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图 8 小铺花岗岩和沁城南花岗岩A型花岗岩判别图解（底图据参考文献[35]）
I & S—I型和S型花岗岩分布区；FG—分异的I & S型花岗岩分布区；OGT—未分异的I、S & M型花岗岩分布区
Figure 8. Discrimination diagrams of A-type granite for Xiaopu and Qinchengnan granites
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图 9 小铺和沁城南花岗岩100(MgO+TFeO+TiO2)/SiO2-(Al2O3+CaO)/(TFeO+Na2O+K2O)图解
（底图据参考文献[36]）
Figure 9. 100(MgO+TFeO+TiO2)/SiO2 versus (Al2O3+CaO)/(TFeO+Na2O+K2O) diagram of Xiaopu and Qinchengnan granites
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表 1 哈尔里克地区花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb测试结果
Table 1 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Th-Pb dating results for representative granites from the Harlik area
测点 含量/10-6 Th/U 同位素比值 年龄/Ma 232Th 238U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 小铺黑云母二长花岗岩（T12716-1.2） 1 54 163 0.33 0.05173 0.00202 0.3546 0.0153 0.04973 0.00149 273 87 308 11 313 9 2 120 207 0.58 0.05585 0.00199 0.3819 0.0154 0.04960 0.00148 446 77 328 11 312 9 3 154 250 0.62 0.05439 0.00187 0.3766 0.0147 0.05023 0.00149 387 75 325 11 316 9 4 314 522 0.60 0.05594 0.00149 0.4101 0.0136 0.05318 0.00155 450 58 349 10 334 9 5 136 350 0.39 0.05440 0.00165 0.3897 0.0140 0.05196 0.00153 387 66 334 10 327 9 6 195 348 0.56 0.05692 0.00190 0.4083 0.0156 0.05204 0.00155 488 73 348 11 327 9 7 150 476 0.32 0.05325 0.00148 0.3844 0.0130 0.05235 0.00153 340 62 330 10 329 9 8 165 358 0.46 0.05340 0.00159 0.3607 0.0128 0.04900 0.00143 346 66 313 10 308 9 9 130 281 0.46 0.05541 0.00189 0.3818 0.0148 0.04998 0.00149 428 74 328 11 314 9 10 112 272 0.41 0.05319 0.00172 0.3684 0.0138 0.05024 0.00148 337 72 319 10 316 9 11 36 103 0.35 0.06523 0.00348 0.4443 0.0246 0.04941 0.00158 782 108 373 17 311 10 12 140 229 0.61 0.05454 0.00233 0.3584 0.0165 0.04767 0.00146 393 93 311 12 300 9 13 557 1491 0.37 0.05345 0.00120 0.3630 0.0109 0.04927 0.00141 348 50 315 8 310 9 14 128 351 0.36 0.05448 0.00168 0.3595 0.0131 0.04786 0.00140 391 68 312 10 301 9 15 107 258 0.41 0.05380 0.00193 0.3614 0.0146 0.04874 0.00144 362 79 313 11 307 9 16 62 230 0.27 0.04969 0.00186 0.3425 0.0143 0.05000 0.00147 181 85 299 11 315 9 17 256 419 0.61 0.05165 0.00155 0.3448 0.0123 0.04842 0.00141 270 68 301 9 305 9 18 104 169 0.61 0.05825 0.00300 0.3879 0.0209 0.04831 0.00152 539 109 333 15 304 9 19 88 240 0.36 0.05384 0.00220 0.3716 0.0166 0.05006 0.00150 364 89 321 12 315 9 20 467 1412 0.33 0.05409 0.00125 0.3975 0.0121 0.05331 0.00153 375 51 340 9 335 9 21 78 223 0.35 0.05076 0.00233 0.3567 0.0176 0.05097 0.00154 230 103 310 13 321 9 22 206 741 0.28 0.05351 0.00143 0.3617 0.0120 0.04903 0.00142 351 59 314 9 309 9 23 115 234 0.49 0.05064 0.00219 0.3467 0.0162 0.04966 0.00148 225 97 302 12 312 9 24 404 1376 0.29 0.05227 0.00136 0.3762 0.0122 0.05221 0.00151 297 58 324 9 328 9 25 251 986 0.25 0.05378 0.00191 0.3788 0.0152 0.05109 0.00151 362 78 326 11 321 9 26 31 117 0.26 0.06350 0.00525 0.4605 0.0383 0.05260 0.00181 725 166 385 27 331 11 27 70 212 0.33 0.05436 0.00322 0.3948 0.0242 0.05268 0.00163 386 128 338 18 331 10 28 49 192 0.25 0.05125 0.00514 0.3394 0.0342 0.04805 0.00163 252 215 297 26 303 10 29 1719 2834 0.61 0.43478 0.00925 3.5435 0.1017 0.05912 0.00171 4034 31 1537 23 370 10 30 129 315 0.41 0.05343 0.00256 0.3774 0.0192 0.05123 0.00155 347 105 325 14 322 10 沁城南含角闪石二长花岗岩（T12716-8.4） 1 148 282 0.53 0.04889 0.00171 0.3410 0.0134 0.05059 0.00146 143 80 298 10 318 9 2 242 562 0.43 0.05170 0.00136 0.3669 0.0118 0.05148 0.00146 272 59 317 9 324 9 3 305 526 0.58 0.05566 0.00142 0.3941 0.0125 0.05135 0.00146 439 56 337 9 323 9 4 246 468 0.53 0.22401 0.00481 1.9986 0.0569 0.06472 0.00184 3010 34 1115 19 404 11 5 240 416 0.58 0.05017 0.00144 0.3573 0.0122 0.05166 0.00147 203 65 310 9 325 9 6 213 421 0.50 0.05427 0.00156 0.3821 0.0130 0.05107 0.00146 382 63 329 10 321 9 7 206 397 0.52 0.05493 0.00153 0.3900 0.0130 0.05151 0.00147 409 60 334 10 324 9 8 198 386 0.51 0.05496 0.00159 0.3920 0.0134 0.05174 0.00148 410 63 336 10 325 9 9 219 420 0.52 0.05295 0.00148 0.3781 0.0127 0.05180 0.00148 326 62 326 9 326 9 10 166 340 0.49 0.05108 0.00157 0.3660 0.0131 0.05198 0.00149 245 69 317 10 327 9 11 147 319 0.46 0.05108 0.00163 0.3595 0.0132 0.05105 0.00147 245 72 312 10 321 9 12 214 382 0.56 0.05201 0.00147 0.3688 0.0125 0.05143 0.00147 286 63 319 9 323 9 13 240 418 0.57 0.05669 0.00157 0.4070 0.0135 0.05208 0.00148 479 60 347 10 327 9 14 221 376 0.59 0.05361 0.00152 0.3737 0.0126 0.05057 0.00144 355 63 322 9 318 9 15 130 245 0.53 0.05095 0.00172 0.3506 0.0134 0.04991 0.00144 239 76 305 10 314 9 16 198 344 0.58 0.05386 0.00156 0.3843 0.0132 0.05175 0.00148 365 64 330 10 325 9 17 161 298 0.54 0.05326 0.00170 0.3819 0.0140 0.05201 0.00149 340 71 328 10 327 9 18 124 191 0.65 0.05260 0.00200 0.3676 0.0154 0.05068 0.00148 312 84 318 11 319 9 19 212 422 0.50 0.06529 0.00178 0.3884 0.0127 0.04315 0.00123 784 56 333 9 272 8 20 253 475 0.53 0.05268 0.00141 0.3623 0.0118 0.04988 0.00141 315 60 314 9 314 9 21 240 440 0.54 0.05032 0.00140 0.3461 0.0115 0.04989 0.00142 210 63 302 9 314 9 22 418 542 0.77 0.05178 0.00140 0.3712 0.0121 0.05200 0.00148 276 61 321 9 327 9 23 173 272 0.64 0.05357 0.00172 0.3645 0.0134 0.04935 0.00142 353 71 316 10 311 9 24 484 659 0.73 0.05319 0.00133 0.3679 0.0114 0.05018 0.00142 337 56 318 8 316 9 25 88 187 0.47 0.04631 0.00230 0.3176 0.0166 0.04975 0.00146 14 115 280 13 313 9 26 235 428 0.55 0.05346 0.00145 0.3710 0.0122 0.05034 0.00143 348 60 320 9 317 9 27 430 654 0.66 0.05292 0.00130 0.3731 0.0115 0.05113 0.00144 326 55 322 8 321 9 28 252 425 0.59 0.05277 0.00146 0.3670 0.0122 0.05044 0.00143 319 62 317 9 317 9 29 205 368 0.56 0.05202 0.00154 0.3605 0.0125 0.05026 0.00143 286 66 313 9 316 9 30 291 558 0.52 0.05420 0.00137 0.3763 0.0118 0.05035 0.00142 379 56 324 9 317 9 
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表 2 哈尔里克地区花岗岩主量、微量和稀土元素组成
Table 2 Major, trace and rare earth elements compositions of granites from the Harlik area
含量 小铺黑云母二长花岗岩（316Ma） 沁城南含角闪石二长花岗岩（320Ma） T12716-1.1 T12716-1.2 T12716-1.3 T12716-1.4 T12716-8.2 T12716-8.3 T12716-8.4 T12716-8.5 SiO2 72.83 71.38 71.78 68.42 67.71 72.26 71.88 72.07 Al2O3 14.04 14.86 14.20 16.15 17.00 13.87 13.96 14.04 Fe2O3T 2.24 2.22 2.84 2.66 2.23 2.51 2.74 2.67 MgO 0.33 0.31 0.41 0.40 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.17 CaO 1.57 1.99 1.88 2.58 0.91 0.73 0.75 0.68 Na2O 4.07 4.17 4.13 4.68 7.03 5.52 5.61 5.59 K2O 3.64 3.83 3.42 3.45 3.85 3.80 3.85 3.92 TiO2 0.19 0.19 0.24 0.24 0.17 0.19 0.20 0.19 P2O5 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.02 MnO 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.11 0.13 0.12 烧失量 0.80 0.70 0.80 1.10 0.50 0.60 0.40 0.30 总计 99.85 99.81 99.82 99.82 99.68 99.78 99.77 99.78 A/CNK 1.04 1.02 1.02 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.95 0.96 Mg# 25.56 24.55 25.17 25.95 14.33 13.63 13.28 12.92 La 18.60 22.20 20.90 31.40 10.20 42.20 44.10 42.70 Ce 40.10 48.90 46.90 63.30 25.60 89.60 96.80 91.50 Pr 4.00 5.07 4.74 6.73 3.49 9.77 10.75 9.98 Nd 14.90 20.20 17.70 24.80 16.10 38.40 40.80 36.80 Sm 2.47 3.78 3.92 4.46 4.36 7.08 6.93 6.79 Eu 1.07 1.12 1.01 1.23 1.81 0.90 0.87 1.02 Gd 2.50 3.40 3.85 4.12 4.71 5.76 6.55 6.16 Tb 0.40 0.55 0.65 0.63 0.85 0.87 0.92 0.90 Dy 2.22 3.16 3.97 3.73 5.13 5.03 5.16 5.28 Ho 0.43 0.59 0.79 0.73 1.14 1.07 1.08 1.01 Er 1.41 1.69 2.02 2.08 3.46 2.95 2.96 3.27 Tm 0.20 0.24 0.30 0.29 0.50 0.45 0.46 0.49 Yb 1.12 1.51 1.77 1.92 3.45 2.90 3.18 3.22 Lu 0.20 0.23 0.29 0.25 0.64 0.52 0.56 0.56 Y 13.20 17.00 19.40 18.20 29.50 25.80 26.30 27.20 ΣREE 89.62 112.64 108.81 145.67 81.44 207.50 221.12 209.68 δEu 1.30 0.94 0.79 0.86 1.21 0.42 0.39 0.47 (La/Yb)N 11.91 10.55 8.47 11.73 2.12 10.44 9.95 9.51 Ba 992.00 1195.00 1029.00 990.00 2145.00 1218.00 1220.00 1205.00 Co 2.30 2.80 2.80 2.80 1.00 1.10 1.40 1.10 Cs 1.10 1.10 1.20 1.50 0.90 0.80 0.70 1.10 Ga 14.90 15.80 15.90 17.10 20.40 16.60 17.40 17.00 Hf 4.50 4.40 4.70 4.60 11.30 8.10 9.10 8.80 Nb 4.60 4.40 6.20 5.50 3.20 3.90 4.10 4.50 Rb 69.00 69.10 67.00 63.90 56.20 35.40 35.80 36.10 Sr 198.20 226.40 213.20 260.90 51.40 36.00 38.60 33.80 Ta 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.30 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.30 Th 3.60 4.70 3.90 5.60 3.70 4.50 4.30 4.90 U 0.60 0.40 0.50 0.50 1.40 1.60 1.40 1.30 V 21.00 22.00 23.00 16.00 8.00 9.00 8.00 9.00 Zr 153.30 154.20 173.40 174.10 589.40 428.90 495.00 442.60 Zn 28.00 38.00 63.00 36.00 8.00 19.00 23.00 17.00 Ni 1.70 1.30 1.60 1.40 0.90 1.00 1.30 0.90 Cu 2.70 2.40 3.10 2.40 2.60 2.30 2.20 1.60 Pb 5.40 5.50 5.80 5.10 2.30 2.90 3.10 2.90 注：主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素含量为10-6
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表 3 哈尔里克地区花岗岩锆石Hf同位素测试结果
Table 3 Zircon Hf isotopic compositions of representative granites from the Harlik area
测点号 年龄/Ma 176Yb/177Hf 176Lu/177Hf 176Hf/177Hf 2σ εHf(t) TDM/Ma TDMC/Ma fLu/Hf 小铺黑云母二长花岗岩 T12716-1-2 312 0.069446 0.001677 0.282890 0.000026 10.7 523 644 -0.95 T12716-1-4 334 0.202773 0.004751 0.282830 0.000054 8.3 665 812 -0.86 T12716-1-6 327 0.195021 0.004614 0.282987 0.000040 13.8 416 456 -0.86 T12716-1-7 329 0.049102 0.001361 0.282919 0.000028 12.1 477 565 -0.96 T12716-1-8 308 0.121181 0.002904 0.282983 0.000030 13.7 401 450 -0.91 T12716-1-9 314 0.051077 0.001311 0.282927 0.000033 12.1 465 554 -0.96 T12716-1-10 316 0.036445 0.000915 0.282890 0.000026 10.9 512 632 -0.97 T12716-1-12 300 0.076284 0.001858 0.282895 0.000025 10.6 519 643 -0.94 T12716-1-13 310 0.067911 0.001789 0.282842 0.000030 8.9 594 756 -0.95 T12716-1-14 301 0.043140 0.001086 0.282953 0.000027 12.8 425 500 -0.97 T12716-1-16 315 0.037777 0.001030 0.282808 0.000026 8.0 631 822 -0.97 T12716-1-17 305 0.070623 0.001824 0.282979 0.000020 13.6 396 449 -0.95 T12716-1-18 304 0.057167 0.001534 0.282909 0.000025 11.2 493 604 -0.95 T12716-1-19 315 0.048555 0.001268 0.282880 0.000021 10.5 531 660 -0.96 T12716-1-21 321 0.026524 0.000681 0.282837 0.000015 9.2 583 746 -0.98 T12716-1-23 312 0.054500 0.001383 0.282885 0.000017 10.6 526 652 -0.96 T12716-1-24 328 0.077601 0.001999 0.282853 0.000014 9.6 582 725 -0.94 T12716-1-27 331 0.033128 0.000769 0.282848 0.000018 9.8 569 716 -0.98 T12716-1-30 322 0.070264 0.001529 0.282921 0.000020 12.0 476 567 -0.95 沁城南含角闪石二长花岗岩 T12716-8-1 318 0.108256 0.002968 0.282983 0.000017 13.8 402 446 -0.91 T12716-8-2 324 0.099801 0.002895 0.282959 0.000016 13.1 437 497 -0.91 T12716-8-3 323 0.156775 0.004297 0.282995 0.000019 14.1 400 435 -0.87 T12716-8-5 325 0.204286 0.005467 0.282951 0.000027 12.3 485 551 -0.84 T12716-8-6 321 0.192843 0.005008 0.282938 0.000030 11.9 499 576 -0.85 T12716-8-11 321 0.091836 0.002740 0.282962 0.000023 13.2 431 489 -0.92 T12716-8-12 323 0.138301 0.003672 0.283064 0.000035 16.7 286 268 -0.89 T12716-8-13 327 0.150635 0.004070 0.282988 0.000021 13.9 408 447 -0.88 T12716-8-14 318 0.150559 0.003944 0.282987 0.000021 13.8 407 450 -0.88 T12716-8-15 314 0.120082 0.003301 0.282934 0.000017 11.9 481 566 -0.90 T12716-8-16 325 0.197142 0.005164 0.283029 0.000034 15.1 355 368 -0.84 T12716-8-18 319 0.053438 0.001720 0.282981 0.000018 14.1 391 433 -0.95 T12716-8-20 314 0.172648 0.004690 0.282909 0.000017 10.8 540 641 -0.86 T12716-8-21 314 0.188188 0.004918 0.283043 0.000028 15.5 330 337 -0.85 T12716-8-24 316 0.123379 0.003591 0.282940 0.000027 12.1 476 555 -0.89 T12716-8-25 313 0.067188 0.002084 0.282984 0.000026 13.9 392 436 -0.94 T12716-8-28 317 0.169237 0.004524 0.283008 0.000023 14.4 382 412 -0.86 T12716-8-29 316 0.163777 0.004255 0.283011 0.000018 14.5 374 402 -0.87 T12716-8-30 317 0.069896 0.001955 0.282934 0.000014 12.3 463 545 -0.94 注：εHf(t)={[(176Hf/177Hf)S-(176Lu/177Hf)S×(eλt-1)]/[(176Hf/177Hf)CHUR, 0-(176Lu/177Hf)CHUR×(eλt-1)]-1}×10000；TDM=1/λ×ln{1+[(176Hf/177Hf)S-(176Hf/177Hf)DM]/[(176Lu/177Hf)S-(176Lu/177Hf)DM]}; TDMC=1/λ×ln{1+[(176Hf/177Hf)S, t-(176Hf/177Hf)DM, t]/[(176Lu/177Hf)C-(176Lu/177Hf)DM]}+t, 其中, s为样品, (176Hf/177Hf)CHUR, 0=0.282772和(176Lu/177Hf)CHUR=0.0332[32], (176Hf/177Hf)DM=0.28325和(176Lu/177Hf)DM=0.0384[33]；t为锆石结晶年龄, λ=1.865×10-11 year-1[34]; (176Lu/177Hf)C=0.015
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