Geochronology of the sedimentary series from Zhuo'abulake Formation in Kaladawan area of Altun and its geological significance: LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age evidence of detrital zircons
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摘要:
以阿尔金喀腊大湾地区卓阿布拉克组沉积岩系砾岩为研究对象，应用LA-ICP-MS方法对碎屑锆石进行U-Pb同位素年龄测定，探讨其形成时代、物源组成和构造背景。研究结果表明：①碎屑锆石年龄谱明显分为2组：522~427Ma和638~1766Ma，另有2个古老的同位素年龄数据分别为2450Ma、3394Ma；②最年轻的碎屑锆石年龄为427±4Ma，说明该砾岩的形成时代晚于427Ma，沉积岩系可能形成于晚志留世—早泥盆世（427~410Ma）；卓阿布拉克组存在晚寒武世—早泥盆世的物质组成，应将其解体重新划分；③碎屑锆石峰值年龄为456Ma，表明喀腊大湾地区存在该时期的岩浆活动；522~427Ma的年龄数据约占总体的81%，构成了砾岩中最主要的碎屑锆石群体，说明在早古生代，尤其是晚寒武世—奥陶纪形成的岩浆岩是砾岩最重要的物源，该沉积岩系是敦煌地块向南俯冲、碰撞产生的一系列火成岩在造山剥蚀后的沉积响应；④结合目前北祁连造山带的研究进展和研究区碎屑锆石的研究结果，初步认为喀腊大湾地区卓阿布拉克组沉积岩系和北祁连天祝组、鹿角沟组具有相似的沉积年龄和物质来源，可能同为北祁连-北阿尔金局限洋盆闭合后，陆-陆或弧-陆碰撞造山的产物。
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关键词:
- 阿尔金 /
- 喀腊大湾地区 /
- 碎屑锆石 /
- LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年 /
- 物源
Abstract:Choosing the conglomerate from the sedimentary series of Zhuo'abulake Formation in Kaladawan area as the study object and using LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb isotope chronology, the authors studied the sedimentary age, material source and tectonic setting of the sedimentary series. Some results were obtained:① The age spectra of detrital zircon can be evidently divided into two groups:522~427Ma and 638~1766Ma, with other two old ages 2450Ma and 3394Ma. ② The youngest age of detrital zircons is 427±4Ma, suggesting that the formation of the conglomerate was later than 427Ma, and hence the formation age of the strata may be constrained from Late Silurian to Early Devonian (427~410Ma); Zhuo'abulake Formation should be divided into more units since it consists of materials from Late Cambrian to Early Devonian. ③ The peak value of the age spectrum is 456Ma, indicating that there existed a magmatic event during this period. The 522~432Ma age data possess the largest proportion and account for about 81% of the total data, showing that the magmatic rocks that were formed in early Paleozoic, especially from late Cambrian to Ordovician constituted the most important source of the conglomerate. The compositional ages suggest a sedimentary response to the orogenic erosion of a series of igneous rocks caused by the southward subduction and collision of Dunhuang massif in early Paleozoic period. ④ Combining the recent research on North Qilian orogenic belt and the study of the detrital zircons in Kaladawan area, the authors consider that sedimentary series of Zhuo'abulake Formation in Kaladawan area and the Tianzhu Formation and Lujiaogou Formation in North Qilian have similar ages and material sources, and they may be the products of continental collision or arc-continent collision after North Qilian-North Altun limited ocean closure.
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Keywords:
- Altun /
- Kaladawan area /
- detrital zircon /
- LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating /
- material source
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致谢: 吉林大学东北亚矿产资源评价国土资源部重点实验室对本次实验的支持与帮助，审稿专家提出宝贵的修改意见，室内工作得到核工业北京地质研究院吴玉博士、地质力学研究所张文高博士的帮助，在此一并表示诚挚的感谢。
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图 1 阿尔金山东段喀腊大湾地区地质构造图
N1y—中新世下油砂山组；N1g—中新世上干柴沟组；E3g—渐新世下干柴沟组；C3y—上石炭统因格布拉克组；Є3-Os—早古生界斯米尔布拉克组；Є3-Ozh—早古生界卓阿布拉克组；Jx j—金雁山组；Ardg—太古宇达格拉格布拉克组；δ3—早古生代闪长岩；γδ3—早古生代花岗闪长岩；γ3—早古生代花岗岩；ηγ3—早古生代似斑状二长花岗岩；v3—早古生代辉长岩；1—地质界线；2—断裂；3—韧脆性变形带；4—火山-沉积岩系剖面位置；5—图 2、图 4沉积岩系剖面位置；6—采样点；7—样品编号
Figure 1. Map of geological structure in Kaladawan area, eastern part of Altun Mountains
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图 2 北阿尔金喀腊大湾沟东侧沉积岩系剖面
Figure 2. Section of sedimentary series in east Kaladawan area, North Altun Mountains
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图 3 北阿尔金东段喀腊大湾沉积岩韵律照片
a—砾岩和粗砂岩，镜头向东；b—细砂岩和粉砂岩
Figure 3. Photograph of sedimentary series in east Kaladawan area, North Altun Mountains
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图 4 阿尔金喀腊大湾沟西侧沉积岩系剖面
Figure 4. Section of sedimentary series in west Kaladawan area, North Altun Mountains
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图 5 卓阿布拉克组沉积岩系砾岩（A431-1）代表性锆石阴极发光图像及年龄
Figure 5. CL images and ages of representative zircons from conglomerate in sedimentary series of Zhuo'abulake Formation
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图 6 卓阿布拉克组沉积岩系砾岩（A431-1）碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图
Figure 6. U-Pb concordia diagram of zircons from conglomerate in sedimentary series of Zhuo'abulake Formation
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图 8 阿尔金山东段喀腊大湾地区北部火山-沉积岩系地质剖面
1—似斑状二长花岗岩；2—枕状玄武岩；3—堆晶辉长岩；4—砾岩及含砾砂岩；5—粗砂岩及细砂岩；6—泥岩及泥灰岩；7—断层；8—不整合界线；9—锆石SHRIMP年龄及采样点
Figure 8. Geological section of sedimentary series in north Kaladawan area, eastern part of Altun Mountains
表 1 卓阿布拉克组砾岩（A431-1）碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Th-Pb分析结果
Table 1 LA-ICP-MS U-Th-Pb isotope composition of zircons from conglomerate in sedimentary series of Zhuo'abulake Formation
点号 含量/10-6 Th/U 同位素比值 年龄/Ma 谐和度 Th U 207Pb/206Pb ±1σ 207Pb/235U ±1σ 206Pb/238U ±1σ 207Pb/206Pb ±1σ 207Pb/235U ±1σ 206Pb/238U ±1σ 1 159 253 0.63 0.1005 0.0029 3.541 0.180 0.2433 0.0081 1635 49 1536 40 1404 42 90% 2 952 1042 0.91 0.0567 0.0013 0.587 0.015 0.0751 0.0009 480 50 469 10 467 5 99% 3 950 1124 0.85 0.0548 0.0014 0.602 0.016 0.0799 0.0010 406 56 478 10 495 6 96% 4 906 1226 0.74 0.0550 0.0014 0.583 0.018 0.0767 0.0009 413 62 467 11 476 6 97% 5 2413 1768 1.36 0.0729 0.0019 1.903 0.057 0.1893 0.0019 1010 55 1082 20 1117 10 96% 6 675 1170 0.58 0.0552 0.0019 0.579 0.022 0.0759 0.0009 420 76 464 14 472 5 98% 7 814 907 0.90 0.0524 0.0020 0.549 0.023 0.0761 0.0009 302 87 445 15 473 5 93% 8 1460 1196 1.22 0.0533 0.0020 0.547 0.022 0.0746 0.0008 343 90 443 15 464 5 95% 9 543 525 1.03 0.0554 0.0021 0.539 0.021 0.0712 0.0009 428 83 437 14 443 5 98% 10 535 1335 0.40 0.0585 0.0016 0.679 0.020 0.0843 0.0009 550 61 526 12 522 5 99% 11 1037 1380 0.75 0.0565 0.0014 0.572 0.016 0.0734 0.0008 472 54 460 10 456 5 99% 12 1484 1990 0.75 0.0565 0.0012 0.567 0.013 0.0728 0.0009 472 42 456 9 453 5 99% 13 2444 2394 1.02 0.0565 0.0010 0.559 0.012 0.0716 0.0008 472 45 451 8 446 5 98% 14 893 1068 0.84 0.0570 0.0012 0.578 0.014 0.0734 0.0009 500 79 463 9 456 5 98% 15 591 705 0.84 0.0575 0.0015 0.582 0.015 0.0735 0.0008 522 57 466 9 457 5 98% 16 500 660 0.76 0.0667 0.0014 1.011 0.023 0.1101 0.0016 828 44 709 12 673 9 94% 17 1004 1087 0.92 0.0574 0.0011 0.581 0.012 0.0733 0.0008 506 44 465 8 456 5 98% 18 2682 2256 1.19 0.0578 0.0009 0.627 0.011 0.0785 0.0010 520 40 494 7 487 6 98% 19 487 683 0.71 0.0708 0.0014 1.565 0.032 0.1599 0.0019 954 34 957 13 956 11 99% 20 912 962 0.95 0.0579 0.0013 0.626 0.014 0.0780 0.0010 524 48 493 9 484 6 98% 21 278 1785 0.16 0.0702 0.0011 1.507 0.025 0.1551 0.0018 933 31 933 10 929 10 99% 22 1002 1252 0.80 0.0578 0.0012 0.580 0.013 0.0725 0.0008 520 48 465 8 451 5 97% 23 1473 1442 1.02 0.0964 0.0013 3.175 0.047 0.2379 0.0027 1567 25 1451 12 1376 14 94% 24 747 1490 0.50 0.0563 0.0010 0.571 0.012 0.0732 0.0009 465 36 459 8 456 6 99% 25 1442 1540 0.94 0.0566 0.0010 0.565 0.010 0.0722 0.0008 476 39 455 7 450 5 98% 26 543 638 0.85 0.0587 0.0014 0.585 0.014 0.0723 0.0008 554 52 468 9 450 5 96% 27 892 1133 0.79 0.0565 0.0011 0.576 0.011 0.0741 0.0008 472 47 462 7 461 5 99% 28 1364 2145 0.64 0.0553 0.0010 0.566 0.011 0.0741 0.0008 433 39 456 7 461 5 98% 29 740 1122 0.66 0.0536 0.0011 0.541 0.012 0.0731 0.0008 354 46 439 8 455 5 96% 30 613 1349 0.45 0.0549 0.0011 0.525 0.012 0.0693 0.0007 409 46 429 8 432 5 99% 31 965 1398 0.69 0.0557 0.0011 0.585 0.012 0.0762 0.0009 439 44 468 8 473 5 98% 32 809 959 0.84 0.0553 0.0010 0.562 0.011 0.0737 0.0008 433 38 453 7 458 5 98% 33 1734 1855 0.93 0.0553 0.0010 0.563 0.011 0.0736 0.0008 433 39 454 7 458 5 99% 34 1272 1470 0.87 0.0554 0.0011 0.557 0.012 0.0729 0.0008 428 44 450 8 453 5 99% 35 526 1376 0.38 0.1595 0.0022 10.10 0.161 0.4582 0.0051 2450 23 2444 15 2432 23 99% 36 2497 1976 1.26 0.0556 0.0009 0.569 0.010 0.0740 0.0008 435 37 457 7 460 5 99% 37 963 845 1.14 0.2857 0.0037 27.47 0.485 0.6932 0.0084 3394 20 3400 17 3395 32 99% 38 1010 1190 0.85 0.0559 0.0012 0.558 0.012 0.0725 0.0007 456 48 450 8 451 4 99% 39 979 1019 0.96 0.0566 0.0011 0.555 0.011 0.0713 0.0007 476 43 448 7 444 4 98% 40 388 1457 0.27 0.0725 0.0010 1.417 0.023 0.1414 0.0014 1011 29 896 10 853 8 95% 41 782 1545 0.51 0.0555 0.0010 0.550 0.011 0.0717 0.0008 432 41 445 7 447 5 99% 42 1027 1033 0.99 0.0577 0.0013 0.578 0.014 0.0726 0.0008 517 44 463 9 452 5 97% 43 98 95 1.03 0.0810 0.0027 2.132 0.070 0.1938 0.0030 1233 66 1159 23 114 16 98% 44 796 997 0.80 0.1080 0.0015 4.760 0.079 0.3192 0.0036 1766 26 1778 14 178 17 99% 45 800 811 0.99 0.0548 0.0013 0.535 0.013 0.0708 0.0008 467 52 435 9 441 5 98% 46 749 1378 0.54 0.0567 0.0011 0.578 0.012 0.0738 0.0008 480 41 463 8 459 5 99% 47 1358 1831 0.74 0.0582 0.0011 0.647 0.012 0.0809 0.0009 600 44 507 8 501 6 98% 48 1568 2276 0.69 0.0551 0.0010 0.561 0.010 0.0737 0.0008 417 39 452 7 459 5 98% 49 652 926 0.70 0.0554 0.0013 0.582 0.014 0.0758 0.0008 428 45 466 9 471 5 98% 50 887 1221 0.73 0.0568 0.0011 0.610 0.012 0.0779 0.0009 483 43 483 8 483 5 99% 51 820 1073 0.76 0.0562 0.0013 0.580 0.014 0.0745 0.0008 461 48 465 9 463 5 99% 52 819 896 0.91 0.0740 0.0029 0.837 0.041 0.0788 0.0010 1043 79 617 23 489 6 76% 53 1198 1520 0.79 0.0824 0.0011 2.558 0.051 0.2235 0.0032 1255 25 1289 15 130 17 99% 54 624 724 0.86 0.0717 0.0012 1.685 0.031 0.1701 0.0017 977 35 1003 12 101 9 99% 55 1971 2710 0.73 0.0592 0.0010 0.624 0.013 0.0758 0.0008 576 35 492 8 471 5 95% 56 969 970 1.00 0.0619 0.0020 0.651 0.026 0.0753 0.0008 672 64 509 16 468 5 91% 57 1040 1496 0.70 0.0561 0.0011 0.576 0.012 0.0744 0.0007 457 43 462 7 462 4 99% 58 1031 1371 0.75 0.0541 0.0011 0.558 0.012 0.0748 0.0008 376 46 451 8 465 5 96% 59 1110 1690 0.66 0.0557 0.0010 0.597 0.011 0.0776 0.0008 443 6 475 7 482 5 98% 60 2143 2191 0.98 0.0550 0.0009 0.548 0.010 0.0720 0.0007 413 37 444 7 448 4 99% 61 915 1141 0.80 0.0556 0.0011 0.583 0.011 0.0762 0.0008 435 44 466 7 473 5 98% 62 1024 877 1.17 0.0576 0.0013 0.566 0.012 0.0714 0.0008 522 48 456 8 445 5 97% 63 1234 1393 0.89 0.0654 0.0014 0.650 0.014 0.0721 0.0007 787 44 509 8 449 4 87% 64 657 1439 0.46 0.0546 0.0010 0.533 0.011 0.0704 0.0007 398 43 434 7 438 4 98% 65 932 1055 0.88 0.0615 0.0015 0.494 0.013 0.0578 0.0006 657 52 408 9 362 4 88% 66 867 861 1.01 0.0562 0.0012 0.554 0.012 0.0713 0.0008 461 48 448 8 444 5 99% 67 287 843 0.34 0.0621 0.0013 0.891 0.020 0.1041 0.0013 676 44 647 11 638 8 98% 68 900 1331 0.68 0.0571 0.0011 0.564 0.012 0.0712 0.0006 498 43 454 8 443 4 97% 69 1186 1476 0.80 0.0620 0.0012 0.639 0.012 0.0748 0.0009 676 43 501 7 465 5 92% 70 777 1011 0.77 0.0579 0.0013 0.575 0.013 0.0719 0.0008 524 48 461 8 448 5 97% 71 2299 2003 1.15 0.0561 0.0010 0.536 0.010 0.0691 0.0007 454 41 436 7 431 4 98% 72 490 1340 0.37 0.0612 0.0015 0.624 0.017 0.0735 0.0007 656 54 492 10 457 4 92% 73 763 4885 0.16 0.0773 0.0013 1.283 0.039 0.1171 0.0023 1128 33 838 17 714 14 84% 74 1564 2180 0.72 0.0559 0.0009 0.567 0.010 0.0734 0.0007 456 37 456 6 457 4 99% 75 1088 1301 0.84 0.0620 0.0012 0.677 0.017 0.0784 0.0010 676 41 525 10 487 6 92% 76 384 709 0.54 0.1059 0.0014 4.398 0.067 0.3001 0.0031 1731 24 1712 13 169 15 98% 77 1847 1759 1.05 0.0578 0.0011 0.590 0.012 0.0738 0.0007 524 43 471 7 459 4 97% 78 1262 1801 0.70 0.0540 0.0010 0.512 0.010 0.0684 0.0007 372 39 420 7 427 4 98% 79 757 784 0.97 0.0534 0.0014 0.539 0.014 0.0732 0.0008 346 59 438 9 456 5 95% 80 1123 1262 0.89 0.0558 0.0011 0.581 0.015 0.0748 0.0011 443 10 465 10 465 7 99% 81 528 924 0.57 0.0567 0.0013 0.562 0.012 0.0721 0.0007 483 50 453 8 449 4 99% 82 1134 2122 0.53 0.0563 0.0009 0.570 0.010 0.0732 0.0007 465 35 458 6 455 4 99% 83 2375 2213 1.07 0.0556 0.0010 0.530 0.009 0.0692 0.0007 435 41 432 6 432 4 99% 84 1009 1360 0.74 0.0551 0.0011 0.554 0.011 0.0729 0.0007 417 44 448 7 454 4 98% 
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