Geochemical characteristics and geological signifi-cance of Binggounan Formation meta-volcanic rocks on the northern side of Yusupualeketage at the southern edge of the Al-tun Mountains
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摘要:
阿尔金南缘玉苏普阿勒克塔格北侧青白口系冰沟南组变质火山岩为一套与滨浅海相细粒陆源碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩共生的基性火山岩，主要岩性为蚀变玄武安山岩和安山质凝灰熔岩。岩石地球化学结果显示，SiO2含量在48.28%~51.98%之间，平均为50.31%，富碱、低钛，里特曼指数δ为0.33~2.30，铝饱和指数A/CNK为0.45~0.88，属于低钾（拉斑）系列。Mg#值介于40.46~56.28之间，平均值为50.12，表明基性火山岩岩浆经历了较弱程度的结晶分异作用。稀土元素弱富集、弱负Eu异常，呈右倾型。大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、K、Sr亏损，高场强元素P、Ti、Nb、Hf亏损，强不相容元素Th、U富集，为强不相容富集型。岩石微量与稀土元素具有板内玄武岩的特征。根据构造环境判别系列图解综合分析认为，基性火山岩形成于板内裂谷环境。结合区域地质背景，研究区古元古代古大陆的裂解从长城纪一直持续到青白口纪早期，形成基性火山岩，从青白口纪中晚期开始转为罗迪尼亚超大陆的挤压汇聚阶段。
Abstract:The Binggounan Formation volcanic rocks on the northern side of Yusupualeketage at the southern edge of the Altun Mountains are a suite of basic volcanic rocks associated with littoral neritic facies terrigenous clastic rocks and carbonate rock. The gneiss rocks are composed mainly of basalt-andesite and andesitic tuff lava. Geochemical analysis shows that the SiO2 content of the rocks is between 48.28% and 51.98% with an average of 50.31%. The rocks have rich alkal and low titanium. The Rittman index(δ) is 0.33~2.30 and the aluminum saturation index(A/CNK) is 0.45~0.88, suggesting calc-alkaline series.The value of Mg# is between 40.46 and 56.28, with an average of 50.12. It is shown that the basic volcanic rocks experienced higher crystallization differentiation, suggesting a weaker right-inclined LREE enrichment type. Eu anomaly is not obvious, and δEu is between 0.81 and 1.17. Lithophile elements Rb, Ba, K, Sr and high field strength elements P, Ti, Nb, Hf are depleted, and incompatible elements Th, U are enriched, implying incompatible enrichment type. The trace elements and rare earth elements have the characteristics of intraplate basalt. Ac-cording to the tectonic environment discrimination series diagram and the comprehensive analysis, the basic volcanic rocks were formed in an inner-plate rift environment. The regional plate breakup of the Paleoproterozoic continent occurred from Changcheng period to the early Qingbaikou period, forming basic volcanic rocks. In the late Qingbaikou period, the evolution began to turn to the Rodinia supercontinent squeeze convergence stage.
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致谢: 岩石地球化学数据分析得到咸阳核工业二○三研究所分析测试中心林桂芝工程师的大力支持和热心帮助；审稿专家提出了诸多宝贵而中肯的修改意见，在此一并谨致谢忱。
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图 1 阿尔金造山带地质构造图（a）及研究区地质简图（b）
TRB―塔里木盆地；QL―祁连山；QDB―柴达木盆地；WKL―西昆仑；EKL―东昆仑；HMLY―喜马拉雅山；INP―印度板块；Ⅰ ―阿北变质地块；Ⅱ―红柳沟-拉配泉混杂岩带；Ⅲ―阿中地块；Ⅳ―南阿尔金超高压变质岩带；Ⅴ―阿南蛇绿构造混杂岩带；Q―第四系；N2y―新近系油砂山组；J1-2dm―侏罗系大煤沟组；QMym―奥陶系茫崖蛇绿混杂岩；Qbb―青白口系索尔库里群冰沟南组；Qbp―青白口系索尔库里群平洼沟组；Pt1.A―古元古界阿尔金岩群；Q-S―玉苏普阿勒塔格岩体；O2-3―帕夏拉依档岩体；ggQbY―亚干布阳片麻岩；ggQbG―盖里克片麻岩；1―超基性岩块体；2―玄武岩块体；3―辉长岩脉；4―斜长角闪岩；5―区域大断裂；6―韧性剪切带；7―断层；8―不整合界限；9―采样地点；10―实测剖面位置
Figure 1. Geological and tectonic map of Altun orogenic belt(a) and geological sketch map of the study area(b)
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图 2 索尔库里群实测地质剖面
1―灰岩；2―硅质条带灰岩；3―鲕粒灰岩；4―含叠层石灰岩；5―含炭泥质粉砂岩；6―含钙泥质粉砂岩；7―变玄武-安山质火山岩；8―黑云斜长片麻岩；9―蚀变辉长岩；10―绢云石英千枚岩；11―含白云质角砾灰岩；12―碎裂岩化白云岩化微晶灰岩；13―含炭质灰岩；14―白云质灰岩滑塌岩块；15―白云质灰岩；16―钙质板岩；17―变质砂岩；18―凝灰质绢云母板岩；19―断层破碎带；20―宽缓褶皱；21―奥陶纪茫崖蛇绿混杂岩；22―青白口系索尔库里群冰沟南组；23―青白口系索尔库里群平洼沟组；24―古元古代阿尔金岩群；25―逆冲断层；26―分层界线；27―采样位置
Figure 2. Measured geological section of Suorkuli Group
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图版Ⅰ
a.冰沟南组安山质火山熔岩与围岩的宏观特征；b.安山质火山熔岩手标本特征；c.安山质凝灰熔岩显微特征，4×10（+）；d.玄武质安山岩显微特征，单偏光4×10（+）。Pl—斜长石；Hb—角闪石；kf—钾长石；ash—火山灰；Qz—石英
图版Ⅰ.
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图 3 冰沟南组变质火山岩Zr-Na2O（a）、Zr-Th（b）、Zr-Cs（c）和Zr-Nb（d）谐和图（R为相关系数）
Figure 3. Concordant diagrams of Zr-Na2O (a), Zr-Th (b), Zr-Cs (c)and Zr-Nb (d)for the Binggounan Formation meta-volcanic rocks
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图 4 冰沟南组变质火山岩Si-[（al+fm）-(c-alk)]（a）[37]、A-C-FM（b）[38]、Nb/Y-Zr/TiO2*0.0001（c）[39]及Ta/Yb-Ce/Yb（d）图解
Ⅰ—纯泥质岩；Ⅱ—铁质泥质岩；Ⅲ—中酸性火山岩；Ⅳ—钙质泥质岩；Ⅴ—胶体化学沉积及质岩；Ⅵ—胶体化学沉积；Ⅶ—超基性岩；Ⅷ—超基性火山岩及部分白云质岩石；Ⅸ—基性火山岩及部分沉积灰质岩石；Ⅹ—碳酸盐岩沉积岩；Ⅺ—泥灰质沉积岩
Figure 4. Si-[(al+fm)-(c-alk)](a), A-C-FM (b), Nb/Y-Zr/TiO2*0.0001 (c)and Ta/Yb-Ce/Yb (d) diagrams for the Binggounan Formation meta-volcanic rocks
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图 5 冰沟南组变质火山岩主量元素哈克图解[40]
Figure 5. Harker diagrams for the Binggounan Formation meta-volcanic rocks
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图 6 冰沟南组变质火山岩稀土元素配分型式图（a）和微量元素蛛网图（b）[44]
Figure 6. The REE patterns (a) and spider diagram (b) for the Binggounan Formation meta-volcanic rocks
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表 1 冰沟南组变质火山岩主量、微量和稀土元素测试结果及相关参数
Table 1 Major, trace and REE analytical results and related parameters of the Binggounan Formation meta-volcanic rock
样品编号 PM002/21-1 PM002/21-2 PM002/23-1 PM002/23-2 PM002/30-1 PM002/30-2 PM002/36-1 岩性 安山质凝灰熔岩 安山质凝灰熔岩 安山质凝灰熔岩 安山质凝灰熔岩 蚀变玄武安山岩 蚀变玄武安山岩 蚀变玄武安山岩 SiO2 45.53 46.48 44.08 45.32 48.89 44.73 44.92 TiO2 1.96 1.72 1.75 1.91 1.46 1.11 1.01 Al2O3 13.39 12.6 14.47 14.87 13.65 11.74 13.95 Fe2O3 1.41 1.04 9.39 1.74 2.26 1.28 2.65 FeO 10.10 9.49 4.11 11.62 8.61 8.13 9.80 MgO 6.09 5.77 7.01 7.15 7.47 6.70 7.28 MnO 0.19 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.16 0.18 0.20 CaO 8.01 8.8 6.99 6.64 9.93 12.99 7.87 Na2O 2.83 3.01 2.87 2.72 1.76 1.28 1.74 K2O 0.32 0.23 0.31 0.37 0.16 0.12 0.25 P2O5 0.13 0.11 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.09 0.11 烧失量 8.79 9.07 8.03 5.86 4.29 10.52 8.99 总计 98.75 98.49 99.32 98.52 98.77 98.87 99.86 σ 3.92 3.02 9.36 4.12 0.63 1.13 2.06 K2O/Na2O 0.11 0.08 0.11 0.14 0.09 0.09 0.14 AR 1.35 1.36 1.35 1.34 1.18 1.12 1.20 SI 1.28 1.22 1.01 1.08 1.24 1.64 1.37 Mg# 49.65 48.85 56.28 40.46 49.16 55.57 50.89 La 20.40 17.60 12.40 15.90 16.00 13.20 14.20 Ce 38.50 32.30 23.40 30.60 29.80 23.60 24.10 Pr 4.85 4.46 3.27 3.95 3.98 3.06 3.01 Nd 21.90 20.60 17.30 19.80 18.40 15.00 14.30 Sm 4.87 4.42 4.14 4.76 4.21 3.70 2.84 Eu 1.94 1.47 1.43 1.52 1.25 1.06 0.94 Gd 5.16 4.68 5.29 5.47 5.25 3.87 3.89 Tb 0.70 0.67 0.81 0.84 0.81 0.60 0.63 Dy 4.86 4.33 5.51 5.76 5.40 4.01 4.95 Ho 0.77 0.74 0.95 1.02 0.93 0.72 0.98 Er 2.45 2.41 2.91 2.81 3.04 2.31 3.22 Tm 0.30 0.27 0.33 0.37 0.37 0.28 0.42 Yb 2.17 1.90 2.40 2.25 2.56 1.96 3.16 Lu 0.27 0.27 0.29 0.27 0.33 0.26 0.36 Y 26.70 24.80 30.20 31.00 29.50 23.90 30.20 ∑REE 109.14 96.12 80.43 95.32 92.33 73.63 76.99 LREE 92.46 80.85 61.94 76.53 73.64 59.62 59.38 HREE 16.68 15.27 18.49 18.79 18.69 14.01 17.61 LREE/HREE 5.54 5.29 3.35 4.07 3.94 4.26 3.37 δEu 1.17 0.98 0.93 0.91 0.81 0.85 0.86 δCe 0.92 0.87 0.88 0.92 0.89 0.88 0.86 （La/Yb）N 6.74 6.64 3.71 5.07 4.48 4.83 3.22 （Gd/Yb）N 1.97 2.04 1.82 2.01 1.70 1.63 1.02 Cu 15.20 15.10 166.80 221.00 77.30 75.70 215.20 Pb 14.10 10.50 11.40 13.00 16.50 13.00 22.50 Zn 116.10 106.80 108.50 120.70 130.70 135.40 115.50 Ni 41.00 40.60 46.60 49.10 37.70 31.10 51.20 Cr 12.90 12.50 81.10 68.00 82.80 70.40 80.00 V 92.00 84.30 266.20 213.60 355.20 329.90 181.00 Ga 337.20 313.30 370.40 363.40 281.70 241.10 358.00 Sr 20.80 19.40 21.10 22.10 19.60 16.40 16.10 Ba 154.40 147.40 199.20 230.40 223.50 178.70 298.90 Nb 74.40 26.80 74.90 94.90 62.00 50.80 103.10 Ta 10.20 10.30 6.10 6.60 4.80 6.30 8.60 Zr 9.86 8.12 7.85 9.05 8.25 6.28 7.67 Hf 1.49 1.10 0.90 0.91 1.11 0.57 0.72 U 138.60 117.00 116.20 125.70 112.80 87.40 79.10 Th 2.94 2.26 1.70 1.86 2.54 1.93 1.48 Ag 2.48 2.67 0.95 1.05 1.12 1.07 1.13 Au 17.6 9.01 6.85 8.46 5.02 5.66 4.1 Cs 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.45 0.39 0.44 0.19 Rb/Sr 0.07 0.07 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.03 K/Rb 260.44 185.37 421.88 465.39 276.72 158.12 241.32 Ba/Sr 0.48 0.18 0.38 0.41 0.28 0.28 0.34 Th/Ta 11.81 8.19 7.61 9.30 4.52 9.93 5.69 K 2656.48 1909.34 2573.46 3071.55 1328.24 996.18 2075.37 注：主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素含量为10-6 
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