Zircon U-Pb dating, geochemical characteristics and tectonic setting of intermediate-basic volcanic rocks from Middle Cambrian Shengou Formation, eastern Qilian orogen
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摘要:
拉脊山构造带南东端磨沟地区出露一套变安山岩夹片理化变玄武岩组合，其原岩分别为亚碱性拉斑系列安山岩和玄武岩。研究表明，变安山岩锆石U-Pb年龄为503.1±6.6Ma，形成于中寒武世。玄武岩稀土元素总量为93.40×10-6~135.39×10-6，（La/Yb）N值为2.76~3.64，δEu为0.87~1.00，微量元素蛛网图具有不相容元素富集特征，没有明显的Nb、Ta负异常，与板内火山岩特征相似。安山岩稀土元素总量低于玄武岩，而微量元素蛛网图具有富集大离子亲石元素Cs、Rb、Ba等，亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti等特征。岩石成因研究表明，玄武岩没有经历显著的地壳混染，为软流圈地幔石榴子石+尖晶石二辉橄榄岩低程度部分熔融的产物，而安山岩为地壳部分熔融的产物。构造环境判别表明，深沟组火山岩形成于大陆裂谷环境，表明祁连地块中部的拉脊山构造带南东端可能没有发育成熟的洋盆系统，随后在南祁连洋早古生代俯冲消减过程中以裂谷型岩石圈碎片的方式构造侵位于中祁连地块南缘。
Abstract:There are andesites intercalated with metabasalts in the Mogou area, southeastern Lajishan mélange. Their protoliths are an-desite and basalt belonging to the sub-alkaline tholeiite series. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of the andesite yielded an age of 503.1±6.6Ma, suggesting Middle Cambrian. ∑REE values of basalt are 93.40×10-6~135.39×10-6, (La/Yb)N=2.76~3.64, and δEu=0.87~1.00. The spider diagram of trace elements shows similar characteristics to OIB or continental rift volcanic rock, with no obviously anomaly of δEu and enrichment of incompatible elements. The andesites have lower REE content than basalt, and the negative Eu anomalies are not obvious.The spider diagram of trace elements of andesites show the enrichment of LILEs (Cs, Rb, Ba) and depletion of HFSE (Nb, Ta, Ti). The genetic analysis suggests that the basalt resulted from low degree partial melting of garnet+spinel lherzolites without obvious crustal contamination, and andesite was derived from partial melting of the crust. Tectonic environment discrimination shows that Shengou Formation was formed in a continental rift environment. These data further indicate that southeastern termination of Lajishan belt might not have had a mature system of ocean basin in the central part of Central Qilian block. With the South Qilian Ocean subdcution in the Early Paleozoic, the Shengou Formation was emplaced on the southern margin of central Qilian block as fragments of continental rift lithosphere.
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Keywords:
- Qilian orogen /
- Lajishan mélange /
- basalt /
- Shengou Formation /
- continental rift
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致谢: 参加野外工作的还有长安大学许生武、高峰、李宗耀硕士等，审稿专家为本文的修改完善提出了建设性的意见与建议，在此一并致谢。
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图 1 研究区地质简图(a)、区域构造简图(b)及研究区地质图(c)
1—第四系；2—新近系临夏组；3—下白垩统河口组二段；4—下白垩统河口组一段；5—上寒武统六道沟组；6—中寒武统深沟组；7—古元古界化隆岩群；8—积石山石英闪长岩；9—积石山闪长岩；10—积石山辉长闪长岩；11—闪长岩脉；12—断层；13—角度不整合接触；14—变质地层(沉积地层)产状；15—采样位置；16—实测剖面位置
Figure 1. Geological map of China (a), regional tectonic map (b) and detailed geological map of the study area (c) in eastern Qilian orogen
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图 2 祁连造山带东段深沟组实测地质剖面
Pt1H—化隆岩群；Kh—河口组；∈2s—深沟组
Figure 2. Measured geological section of Shengou Formation in eastern Qilian orogen
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图 3 变玄武岩与变安山岩宏观与显微特征
a—变玄武岩手标本照片；b—变安山岩手标本照片；c—变玄武岩镜下照片；d—变安山岩镜下照片
Figure 3. Field outcrop and microscopic characteristics of meta-basalt and meta-andesite
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图 4 深沟组中基性火山岩岩石分类图解
Figure 4. Rock classification diagram for intermediate-basic volcanic rock of Shengou Formation
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图 5 深沟组中基性火山岩稀土元素配分图解(a)及微量元素蛛网图解(b) (OIB、E-MORB标准值据参考文献[45])
OIB—洋岛玄武岩；E-MORB—富集型洋中脊玄武岩
Figure 5. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns(a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spridergram(b) for intermediate-basic volcanic rock of Shengou Formation
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图 6 深沟组变安山岩锆石阴极发光(CL)图像
Figure 6. CL images of zircons in meta-andesites from Shengou Formation
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图 7 变安山岩锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图(a)和年龄加权平均值图(b)
Figure 7. U-Pb concordia diagram(a) and weighted age diagram(b) of meta-andesite
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图 8 深沟组中基性火山岩哈克图解
Figure 8. Harker diagrams for intermediate-basic volcanic rock in Shengou Formation
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图 9 变玄武岩Nb/Yb-Th/Nb图解(a)和Ta/Yb-Th/Yb图解(b)
N-MORB—亏损型洋中脊玄武岩；E-MORB—富集型洋中脊玄武岩；OIB—洋岛玄武岩
Figure 9. Nb/Yb-Th/Nb diagram (a) and Ta/Yb-Th/Yb diagram (b) of meta-basalt
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图 10 变玄武岩Zr/Nb-La/Yb源区判别图解(a)和Sm-Sm/Yb图解(b)
MORB—洋中脊玄武岩；N-MORB—亏损型洋中脊玄武岩；E-MORB—富集型洋中脊玄武岩；OIB—洋岛玄武岩；PM—原始地幔；DM—亏损地幔
Figure 10. Zr/Nb-La/Yb (a) and Sm-Sm/Yb (b) diagrams for meta-basalt
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图 11 变玄武岩Zr/Y-Zr(a)、Ti/100-Zr-Y*3(b)、Tb*3-Th-Ta*2(c)、Th/Hf-Ta/Hf(d)判别图解
N-MORB—亏损型洋中脊玄武岩；E-MORB—富集型洋中脊玄武岩；T-MORB—过渡型洋中脊玄武岩；Ⅰ—板块发散边缘N-MORB；Ⅱ1—大洋岛弧玄武岩区；Ⅱ2—陆缘岛弧及陆缘火山弧玄武岩区；Ⅲ—大洋板内洋岛、海山玄武岩区及T-MORB、E-MORB区；Ⅳ1—陆内裂谷及陆缘裂谷拉斑玄武岩；Ⅳ2—陆内裂谷碱性玄武岩区；Ⅳ3—大陆拉张带玄武岩区；Ⅴ—地幔热柱玄武岩区
Figure 11. Zr/Y-Zr (a), Ti/100-Zr-Y*3 (b), Tb*3-Th-Ta*2 (c) and Th/Hf-Ta/Hf (d) discrimination diagrams of tectonic setting for meta-basalt
表 1 深沟组变玄武岩与变安山岩主量、微量和稀土元素分析结果
Table 1 Major, trace and rare earth elements concentrations of meta-basalt and meta-andesite in Shengou Formation
样品 PM603/
21DH1PM603/
26DH1PM603/
32DH1PM603/
32DH2PM603/
34DH1PM603/
27DH1PM603/
28DH2PM603/
29DH1PM603/
30DH1PM603/
30DH3PM603/
31DH1PM603/
33DH1PM603/
35DH3变玄武岩 变安山岩 SiO2 46.05 45.03 48.35 47.74 45.85 58.21 56.02 57.88 55.37 57.40 56.46 55.63 56.85 TiO2 2.30 2.51 2.56 2.73 2.02 0.47 0.49 0.48 0.58 0.49 0.44 0.51 0.38 Al2O3 14.84 15.92 13.76 14.81 14.43 16.50 17.49 16.94 17.54 17.17 16.22 17.18 17.91 TFe2O3 13.20 13.96 13.94 12.99 11.84 8.26 9.05 8.21 9.65 8.17 7.39 9.85 7.69 MnO 0.20 0.23 0.23 0.20 0.22 0.19 0.19 0.16 0.17 0.16 0.19 0.18 0.15 MgO 6.80 6.41 5.86 5.46 5.76 4.40 2.46 4.14 4.67 3.42 2.15 3.83 3.97 CaO 10.56 10.36 8.50 7.74 8.06 4.48 6.17 3.50 2.90 4.18 7.16 6.33 3.27 Na2O 2.20 2.42 3.78 4.86 3.84 3.37 7.18 4.91 4.64 5.34 4.75 2.24 6.43 K2O 0.70 0.31 0.42 0.31 0.13 0.71 0.27 0.79 0.94 0.35 0.53 1.76 0.33 P2O5 0.28 0.33 0.33 0.39 0.25 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.06 烧失量 1.45 1.27 1.28 2.17 8.23 2.57 0.39 2.30 2.89 1.44 4.25 1.79 2.17 总计 98.58 98.75 99.01 99.40 100.63 99.25 99.81 99.40 99.44 98.21 99.62 99.39 99.21 Mg# 47.87 45.03 42.86 42.85 46.44 48.71 32.61 47.30 46.34 42.71 34.10 40.92 47.93 Li 25.71 18.05 11.21 12.46 18.37 15.84 0.85 19.38 18.32 8.18 14.92 19.36 0.88 Be 1.58 2.94 1.27 1.44 0.89 0.33 0.49 0.41 0.53 0.44 0.46 0.39 0.37 Sc 36.82 33.45 40.59 44.65 36.83 16.70 20.29 19.74 24.32 21.12 23.32 30.52 13.65 V 352.20 330.68 326.67 324.75 237.75 166.05 164.83 152.18 178.28 152.02 149.65 197.03 112.62 Cr 248.06 168.48 125.99 127.73 197.89 10.95 11.73 5.62 14.18 4.77 10.42 16.81 30.22 Co 55.75 53.88 44.63 48.72 36.66 20.58 23.27 19.72 24.71 19.42 18.03 23.44 21.76 Ni 84.17 82.29 46.41 50.20 54.30 6.93 7.71 5.89 7.62 6.33 6.34 10.01 19.10 Cu 88.40 29.11 59.29 167.38 84.22 370.12 77.99 33.57 5.54 76.18 9.00 11.04 5.24 Zn 117.51 140.91 120.45 88.56 112.37 68.13 63.15 53.90 72.79 61.62 52.15 68.63 59.54 Ga 22.57 22.29 19.02 21.35 16.61 14.23 15.67 13.19 13.95 13.73 13.98 15.39 10.96 Rb 18.07 9.97 7.01 4.58 4.16 15.15 2.27 11.66 25.70 4.89 4.08 16.85 7.50 Sr 328.34 281.09 235.63 191.54 183.73 257.90 321.40 317.80 296.26 361.39 243.96 123.79 179.51 Y 32.70 41.96 35.02 35.91 29.46 11.92 13.93 12.47 13.39 20.10 12.09 13.43 5.92 Zr 184.65 226.42 202.72 230.64 160.98 64.16 57.70 47.62 48.11 58.81 52.01 44.17 29.02 Nb 16.96 21.32 17.83 21.91 12.85 2.12 2.15 1.70 1.90 1.91 1.99 1.74 1.06 Mo 1.37 1.03 1.31 1.68 0.72 0.14 0.50 0.35 0.63 0.15 0.16 0.09 0.07 Cd 0.27 0.33 0.31 0.20 0.20 0.25 0.11 0.03 0.06 0.14 0.08 0.09 0.03 In 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.02 Cs 6.69 3.13 2.12 1.92 2.20 3.62 0.79 4.13 6.15 1.65 2.93 9.99 1.75 Ba 183.35 33.35 130.09 110.61 35.54 72.77 89.07 304.48 139.82 104.74 195.26 156.17 50.11 La 13.25 17.15 15.72 19.38 12.21 4.88 5.04 4.05 4.58 4.48 4.30 4.64 1.41 Ce 32.01 40.62 38.14 46.15 30.02 11.93 12.45 10.59 12.39 11.94 10.91 11.71 3.66 Pr 4.34 5.37 5.20 6.20 4.06 1.51 1.64 1.45 1.56 1.56 1.46 1.63 0.49 Nd 20.02 24.42 23.84 28.10 19.39 6.84 7.34 6.73 7.34 7.58 7.04 7.74 2.34 Sm 5.27 6.48 6.13 6.93 5.03 1.85 1.96 1.89 1.89 2.00 1.84 1.93 0.67 Eu 1.83 2.01 1.92 2.09 1.76 0.61 0.62 0.62 0.55 0.69 0.61 0.65 0.31 Gd 6.11 7.35 7.18 7.65 5.82 1.98 2.18 2.02 2.27 2.21 2.01 2.29 0.81 Tb 0.97 1.21 1.16 1.21 0.94 0.34 0.35 0.34 0.35 0.37 0.33 0.36 0.15 Tb 0.97 1.21 1.16 1.21 0.94 0.34 0.35 0.34 0.35 0.37 0.33 0.36 0.15 Dy 5.84 7.25 6.85 7.48 5.82 2.15 2.28 2.19 2.34 2.35 2.16 2.37 1.02 Ho 1.19 1.51 1.39 1.44 1.17 0.44 0.48 0.46 0.51 0.50 0.45 0.51 0.21 Er 3.33 4.29 3.86 4.09 3.32 1.37 1.49 1.47 1.56 1.54 1.41 1.55 0.68 Tm 0.47 0.60 0.54 0.54 0.45 0.20 0.23 0.21 0.23 0.24 0.21 0.23 0.10 Yb 2.89 3.82 3.51 3.59 2.98 1.39 1.52 1.47 1.64 1.58 1.50 1.56 0.73 Lu 0.40 0.54 0.50 0.53 0.43 0.21 0.25 0.22 0.25 0.25 0.23 0.25 0.12 Hf 4.19 5.05 4.91 5.67 4.05 1.76 1.63 1.44 1.46 1.70 1.54 1.32 0.82 Ta 0.84 1.03 0.83 1.00 0.62 0.14 0.12 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.05 Pb 2.07 3.03 3.84 3.38 3.08 6.63 2.41 1.72 1.65 2.76 4.35 1.82 2.98 Bi 0.00 0.03 0.20 0.37 0.53 0.12 0.03 0.02 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.19 0.01 Th 1.16 1.59 1.59 2.20 1.22 0.63 0.81 0.68 0.77 0.80 0.84 0.76 0.18 U 0.48 0.55 0.51 0.72 0.40 0.32 0.38 0.29 0.34 0.39 0.35 0.30 0.12 ∑REE 97.92 122.63 115.93 135.39 93.40 35.69 37.83 33.73 37.44 37.30 34.45 37.42 20.52 δEu 0.98 0.89 0.88 0.87 0.99 0.96 0.92 0.97 0.80 1.00 0.96 0.95 1.02 (La/Yb)N 3.10 3.03 3.02 3.64 2.76 2.37 2.23 1.85 1.88 1.91 1.94 2.00 1.52 注：主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素为10-6 
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表 2 深沟组变安山岩(PM603-27TW1) LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素测试结果
Table 2 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Th-Pb data of the meta-andesite in Shengou Formation (PM603-27TW1)
样品 含量/10-6 Th/U 同位素比值 年龄/Ma Pb Th U 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 1 116.2 207 384.9 0.54 0.0783 0.0008 0.6846 0.0154 0.0634 0.0013 486 5 530 12 772 40 2 148.9 133.1 381.9 0.35 0.0877 0.0009 1.2387 0.0243 0.1025 0.0019 542 5 818 16 1676 27 3 144 241.2 304.5 0.79 0.0806 0.0008 1.0259 0.0191 0.0924 0.0015 499 5 717 13 1465 22 4 131 245 324.4 0.76 0.0803 0.0008 0.8896 0.0151 0.0803 0.0013 498 5 646 11 1206 22 5 106.8 216.6 393.4 0.55 0.0788 0.0008 0.5510 0.0173 0.0507 0.0015 489 5 446 14 220 67 6 181.6 124.6 332 0.38 0.0878 0.0010 1.9097 0.0731 0.1578 0.0049 542 6 1084 42 2383 50 7 114.7 211.3 380.3 0.56 0.0840 0.0008 0.6507 0.0122 0.0562 0.0010 520 5 509 10 454 26 8 97.1 171.3 446.3 0.38 0.0806 0.0008 0.6445 0.0114 0.0580 0.0010 500 5 505 9 522 26 9 103.5 168.3 436 0.39 0.0978 0.0010 0.8111 0.0123 0.0601 0.0008 602 6 603 9 476 44 10 123.4 274.8 315.4 0.87 0.0974 0.0010 0.8075 0.0120 0.0601 0.0008 599 6 601 9 546 28 11 111.5 194.6 401.5 0.48 0.0836 0.0008 0.6520 0.0153 0.0566 0.0013 518 5 510 12 767 41 12 98.1 156.3 456 0.34 0.0772 0.0008 0.6132 0.0109 0.0576 0.0010 480 5 486 9 561 6 13 103.9 170.1 433.8 0.39 0.0812 0.0008 0.7098 0.0178 0.0634 0.0014 503 5 545 14 661 71 14 96.1 153.6 461.8 0.33 0.0823 0.0009 0.6653 0.0116 0.0586 0.0009 510 6 518 9 478 19 15 123.1 272.2 317.4 0.86 0.0837 0.0009 0.6957 0.0255 0.0603 0.0021 518 5 536 20 413 37 16 103.1 212.1 401.3 0.53 0.0834 0.0008 0.6479 0.0111 0.0564 0.0009 516 5 507 9 961 50 17 95.3 171.6 447.6 0.38 0.0783 0.0008 0.5988 0.0119 0.0554 0.0010 486 5 476 9 239 74 18 109.2 214.6 389 0.55 0.0807 0.0008 0.6548 0.0230 0.0588 0.0020 501 5 511 18 524 43 19 127.9 279.7 302 0.93 0.0976 0.0010 0.8092 0.0121 0.0601 0.0008 600 6 602 9 744 31 20 113.3 194.5 395.5 0.49 0.0976 0.0010 0.8094 0.0120 0.0601 0.0008 600 6 602 9 754 13 21 115.3 203.7 384.3 0.53 0.0836 0.0008 0.5935 0.0191 0.0515 0.0016 517 5 473 15 872 37 22 109.2 267.2 345.3 0.77 0.0805 0.0008 0.6402 0.0146 0.0577 0.0013 499 5 502 11 457 44 23 97 183.8 433.5 0.42 0.0795 0.0008 0.6984 0.0136 0.0637 0.0012 493 5 538 10 574 12 24 97.8 182.4 434.4 0.42 0.0850 0.0008 0.7742 0.0116 0.0661 0.0009 526 5 582 9 509 52 25 157.1 179.6 328 0.55 0.0845 0.0008 0.7901 0.0189 0.0678 0.0014 523 5 591 14 1950 40 26 121 253.3 337 0.75 0.0783 0.0008 0.6088 0.0142 0.0564 0.0012 486 5 483 11 1174 34 27 101.7 206.5 406.7 0.51 0.0831 0.0008 0.6786 0.0102 0.0593 0.0008 514 5 526 8 587 33 28 112 208.9 384.4 0.54 0.0821 0.0008 0.6537 0.0181 0.0577 0.0015 509 5 511 14 772 22 29 124.8 308.5 282.6 1.09 0.0976 0.0010 0.8096 0.0119 0.0601 0.0008 601 6 602 9 554 11 30 115.5 288 315.9 0.91 0.0976 0.0010 0.8090 0.0120 0.0601 0.0008 600 6 602 9 591 50 31 71.6 335.3 376 0.89 0.0880 0.0009 1.4625 0.0411 0.1206 0.0031 543 5 915 26 198 101 32 118.6 280.1 319 0.88 0.0747 0.0008 0.7990 0.0203 0.0775 0.0018 465 5 596 15 324 31 33 112.6 190.1 400.3 0.47 0.0822 0.0008 0.6712 0.0136 0.0592 0.0011 509 5 521 11 917 62 34 118.8 218.2 366 0.60 0.0860 0.0009 0.7881 0.0154 0.0665 0.0011 532 6 590 12 598 24 35 111.6 233.8 369.8 0.63 0.0790 0.0008 0.6316 0.0089 0.0580 0.0007 490 5 497 7 494 25
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