Geological features and gold deposit types of Alta Floresta region, Brazil
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摘要:
巴西马托格罗索州阿尔塔·弗洛雷斯塔(Alta Floresta)地区是亚马孙盆地西南部重要的金成矿省。为了满足中资矿业公司进行矿业投资和开发活动的需求,在实地考察和文献资料搜集的基础上,对该地区金矿地质特征和矿床类型进行了初步总结。该区主要的金矿类型有石英脉型、花岗斑岩型、红土型金矿等,其中石英脉型和红土型金矿为主要的金矿开发类型。区域构造对岩浆作用、金矿化作用和矿床类型等具有重要控制作用。总体来说,该地区具有多次金成矿活动,金成矿类型丰富,可作为中资矿业公司实施"走出去"战略的重要成矿区带。
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关键词:
- 地质特征 /
- 金矿床类型 /
- 阿尔塔·弗洛雷斯塔地区 /
- 巴西
Abstract:The Alta Floresta region of Mato Grosso State is a very important gold province in central and western Brazil. Its has very favorable tectonic position and geological conditions for mineralization. Based on field investigation and collection of geological data, the authors summarized geological characteristics and types of gold deposits in this region. The results show that magmatism, gold mineralization and types of gold deposits are controlled by regional tectonic activities.
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Keywords:
- geological characteristics /
- types of gold deposits /
- Alta Floresta region /
- Brazil
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致谢: 论文写作过程中得到中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心姚仲友老师的指导,在此表示感谢。
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图 1 巴西马托格罗索州阿尔塔·弗洛雷斯塔地区地质简图[3]
1—第四系冲洪积物;2—古近系/第四系沉积覆盖层;3—中元古代Beneficente群;4—古元古代Nova Monte Verde混杂岩;5—古元古代Sao Marcelo-Cabeca变质火山沉积岩序列;6—古元古代Teles-Pires侵入岩组;7—古元古代Juruena侵入岩组;8—古元古代Matupa侵入岩;9—古元古代Cuiu-Cuiu混杂岩;10—古元古代Nhandu花岗岩;11—古元古代Novo-Canaa侵入岩;12—古元古代Colider次火山岩组;13—韧性剪切带;14—断层;15—推测断层;16—湖泊水体;17—岩金矿床(点);18—城市
Figure 1. Geological map of Alta Floresta region, Brazil
图版Ⅰ
a.阿尔塔·弗洛雷斯塔地区Cuiu-Cuiu复式片麻岩;b. Nova Monte Verde片麻岩;c.岩石内的小褶皱;d.糜棱岩化岩石;e. Juruena二长花岗岩;f. Sao Pedro斑状花岗岩。以上照片据参考文献[4]
图版Ⅰ.
图 2 帕拉伊巴(Paraiba)金矿示意剖面图[2]
1—Cuiu-Cuiu群片麻岩;2—Matupa花岗岩;3—构造破碎带;4—糜棱岩带;5—金矿体及含金石英脉
Figure 2. Schematic section of the Paraiba gold deposit
表 1 红土型金矿剖面特征和含矿性
Table 1 The vertical characteristics and Au concentration of the lateritic gold deposit
层 位 描 述 含矿性 豆状红土层 产于地表,由红色、棕红色松散豆状铁质卵石与含铁质沙土组成,厚度10~40cm 铁锰质结核较多,多数不含金 硬壳层 又称铁盖或硬帽(葡语:Canga),为氧化铁与铝土矿胶结的红土,较硬,块状,厚度10~50cm 含铁、铝土矿,镍等,不含金 深红-棕色结核层 由铁质结核和粘土组成,其固结程度弱至中等,往往可见石英等砾石(磨圆差),厚度50~500cm 部分含少量微粒金 杂色粘土层 矿物成分以高岭石为主,其次有石英、白云母、针铁矿、赤铁矿、伊利石等,颜色棕色、淡黄色等,厚度30~50cm 多数不含矿,但它是该区内的找矿标志层,其下往往为含矿砾石层 砾石层 砾石呈次棱角状,以石英砾石居多,部分为基岩风化形成,厚度10~200cm 区内重要的含矿层位,层位厚度和含矿性直接决定矿山的品质。品位0.3~8g/t 基岩风化层上部 红土剖面的底界,同时是红土型金矿含矿层位的一部分。与砾石层界线截然,但是基岩上部10~100cm多数风化松软,金易赋存于基岩风化层上部 区内重要的含矿层位,一般含矿不稳定,变化大,多数自然金颗粒比砾石层粗大 -
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