Classification of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic metallogenic series and belts in Mexico and its tectonic significance
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摘要:
墨西哥是矿产资源大国，其中产量最高的包括银、铜、铁、铅锌等。这些矿产的生成主要源于多种多样的矿床类型和各式各样的矿化类型，其中浅成低温热液型、斑岩型、矽卡岩型、IOCG（铁氧化物铜金）型是最突出的矿床类型。这些矿床的形成与北科迪勒拉山系的形成有关，体现了联合大陆长期积聚或解体的某些阶段，尤其是中新生代成矿带的空间展布特征与其形成的大地构造环境密切相关。划分的9个构造-岩浆-成矿带，分别形成3个俯冲成矿系列，即从沿海到内陆依次发育的IOCG型铁铜金成矿带→斑岩型铜钼金成矿带→浅成低温热液型银金多金属成矿带，分别代表太平洋古板块、法拉隆板块和科科斯板块向北美板块从俯冲、挤压到碰撞后伸展的板块构造岩浆成矿环境。这类俯冲边界型成矿系统的主体部分是西马德里造山带岩浆弧中的斑岩型铜钼矿成矿系统和盆岭省中的火山岩控制的浅成低温热液型银金矿成矿系统。
Abstract:Mexico is a great production country in mineral resources such as in silver, copper, iron, lead and zinc with the highest output of these resources. The generation of these minerals is mainly attributed to a variety of types and all kinds of mineralization types of ore deposits. Among these types, the epithermal type, porphyry type, skarn type, IOCG type are the most prominent types. The formation of these deposits is related to the formation of the cordilleras, which embodies some stages of long-term accumulation or disintegration of the united continent. The spatial distribution characteristics of Mesozoic-Cenozoic metallogenic belts, in particular, are closely related to the tectonic environment. The authors recognized nine tectonic-magmatic metallogenic belts, which respectively form three subductional metallogenic serie:from the coast to the inland, they are the IOCG iron-copper mineralization zone, the porphyry gold-copper-molybdenum mineralization zone and the epithermal gold-silver polymetallic metallogenic belt, which represent the plate tectonic magmatic metallogenic environment from subduction, extrusion to post-collision stretching of the Pacific plate, Farallon plate and Cocos plate towards the North American plate. Mexican subduction boundary metallogenic systems are mainly reflected in the porphyry copper-molybdenum metallogenic system of the magmatic arc in the west Madre orogenic belt and the silver-gold hypothermal metallogenic system controlled by volcanic rocks in the basin-ridge province.
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Keywords:
- Mexico /
- Mesozoic-Cenozoic /
- metallogenic series /
- metallogenic belts /
- tectonic
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致谢: 中国地质调查局发展研究中心邱瑞照研究员、国土资源部咨询研究中心李裕伟研究员、国土资源部信息中心肖庆辉研究员、中国地质科学院地质研究所卢民杰研究员、中国地质调查局科技外事部刘大文研究员、中国地质调查局发展研究中心向运川、李玉龙、葛佐研究员等对本次研究进行了指导和建议，在此一并表示衷心的感谢。
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图 2 墨西哥及墨西哥湾盆地板块构造图[2]
Figure 2. Tectonic plates of Mexico and the gulf of Mexico basin
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图 3 墨西哥与岩浆活动有关的矿床成矿时代统计
Figure 3. Statistics of metallogenic epochs related to magmatic activities in Mexico
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图 4 墨西哥重要成矿区带划分[14]
1—浸染状、斑岩型及角砾岩型铜-钼-金成矿带；2—浸染状、脉状及网脉状铜-金-银成矿带；3—层状、喷流型及脉状铅-锌-铜-金成矿带；4—块状硫化物型铜-铅-锌-金-银成矿带；5—碱性金属和贵金属成矿带；6—IOCG型铁矿床成矿带；7—铁矿；8—萤石矿；9—石墨
Figure 4. The division of important metallogenic belts in Mexico
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