东昆仑它温查汉西花岗闪长斑岩年代学、岩石学、地球化学特征及其成矿意义

杨涛; 赵辛敏; 张洲远; 杜亚龙; 李智明; 宋忠宝; 张乐; 张斌; 王晓鹏; 姜安定; 詹小弟; 王宇

东昆仑它温查汉西花岗闪长斑岩年代学、岩石学、地球化学特征及其成矿意义

1.
中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心, 陕西西安 710054
2.
长安大学地球科学与资源学院, 陕西西安 710054

基金项目:

中国地质调查局项目《青海省岩浆岩时空分布与成矿作用研究》 1212011121089

详细信息

作者简介:
杨涛(1985-), 男, 硕士, 工程师, 从事金属矿产勘查和矿床地质研究。E-mail:yangtao008@163.com

通讯作者:
李智明(1963-), 男, 博士, 教授级高级工程师, 从事矿床学和区域成矿规律研究。E-mail:1741838982@qq.com

中图分类号: P595;P597⁺.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-10-04
- 修回日期: 2017-05-08
- 网络出版日期: 2023-08-15
- 刊出日期: 2017-06-30

Chronological, petrologic and geochemical characteristics of Tawenchahanxi granitic diorite porphyry in East Kunlun Mountains and its metallogenic significance

1.
Xi'an Center of China Geological Survey, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
2.
College of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要:
它温查汉西铁多金属矿床是东昆仑祁漫塔格成矿带新发现的又一典型矽卡岩型矿床。利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法，获得矿区主要成矿岩体花岗闪长斑岩的成岩年龄为236.0±2.3Ma，该结果与前人利用⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar法获得的矽卡岩型磁铁矿矿石中白云母229.9±3.5Ma的等时线年龄一致。花岗闪长斑岩为过铝质高钾钙碱性系列，成因类型属于I型；微量元素配分型式表现为轻稀土元素和高场强元素富集、重稀土元素和大离子亲石元素亏损、中等负Eu异常的特征。花岗闪长斑岩形成于晚古生代-早中生代构造-岩浆旋回的碰撞-后碰撞阶段，与区域上大规模的幔源岩浆底侵及其与壳源岩浆的混合作用有关。
- 矽卡岩型 /
- I型 /
- 碰撞-后碰撞阶段 /
- 它温查汉西铁多金属矿床 /
- 东昆仑
Abstract:
The Tawenchahanxi Fe-polymetallic deposit is another typical skarn type deposit newly discovered in the Qimantag metallogenic belt of East Kunlun Mountains. Using LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb isotope dating, the authors obtained the petrogenetic age of the granitic diorite porphyry (236.0±2.3Ma.) which is the main ore-forming rock mass in the mine. The result is in agreement with previous isochron age of 229.9±3.5Ma of the muscovite separated from skarn magnetite ore by the ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar incremental heating method. Petrologic and geochemical data indicates that it is a peraluminous granite and belongs to the I type high K calc-alkaline series, enriched in LREE and HFSE but depleted in HREE and LILE. The rare earth patterns of rocks/chondrite show medium negative Eu anomalies. In addition, the diorite porphyry might have been formed at the collision-post collision stage of Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic tectono-magmatic cycle, which was also related to regional large-scale mantle magma underplating and crust-mantle magma mixing.
- skarn type /
- I type /
- collision-post collision stage /
- Tawenchahanxi Fe-polymetallic deposit /
- East Kunlun Mountains

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致谢: 野外调研期间得到青海省第四地质矿产勘查院王瑾高级工程师、王军工程师、谢海林高级工程师、彭中发工程师、曹德智高级工程师的大力支持和帮助，室内工作得到中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心张汉文研究员的指导，审稿专家就论文提出了许多宝贵的意见，在此一并致以谢忱。

图 1 东昆仑祁漫塔格地区地质矿产分布略图（据参考文献[4, 7]修改）

1—第四系；2—三叠系；3—石炭系；4—泥盆系；5—奥陶系—志留系；6—元古宇；7—印支期花岗岩；8—海西期花岗岩；9—加里东期花岗岩；10—断裂；11—铁铜多金属矿床及编号：①—卡而却卡；②—鸭子沟；③—乌兰乌珠尔；④—景忍；⑤—虎头崖；⑥—肯德可克；⑦—群力；⑧—野马泉；⑨—四角羊；⑩—金鑫；⑪—尕林格；⑫—它温查汉；⑬—它温查汉西；Ⅰ—塔里木陆块；Ⅱ—阿北-敦煌地块；Ⅲ—阿尔金造山带；Ⅲ-1—红柳沟-拉配泉蛇绿构造混杂岩带；Ⅲ-2—阿中地块；Ⅲ-3—阿帕-茫崖构造混杂岩带；Ⅳ—昆仑造山带；Ⅳ-1—北昆仑（祁漫塔格）早古生代岩浆弧带；Ⅳ-2—中昆仑微地块；Ⅳ-3—南昆仑早古生代增生杂岩带；Ⅴ—柴达木陆块；Ⅴ-1—柴达木盆地北缘；Ⅴ-2—柴达木盆地；Ⅵ—祁连造山带；Ⅶ—巴颜喀拉地块

Figure 1. Schematic geological and mineral distribution map of Qimantag area, East Kunlun Mountains

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图 2 它温查汉西矿区（基岩推断）地质、物探综合图（据参考文献①修改）

1—奥陶系祁漫塔格群；2—泥盆系；3—花岗闪长斑岩；4—二长花岗斑岩；5—矿带（体）及编号；6—地质界线；7—1: 1万地面高精度磁测等值线（nT）；8—1: 1万地磁异常及编号；9—钻孔及编号

Figure 2. Interpretation map of geology and geophysical exploration in the Tawenchahanxi mine

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图 3 化学成分QAP和TAS分类图^[10-11]

QAP图：1—花岗岩类；2—碱长花岗岩；3a—正长花岗岩；3b—二长花岗（斑）岩；4—花岗闪长（斑）岩；5—英云闪长岩；6—碱长正长岩；6^*—石英碱长正长岩；7—正长岩；7^*—石英正长岩；8—二长岩；8^*—石英二长岩；9—二长闪长岩；9^*—石英二长闪长岩；10—闪长岩；10^*—石英闪长岩；TAS图：1—橄榄辉长岩；2a—碱性辉长岩；2b—亚碱性辉长岩；3—辉长闪长岩；4—闪长岩；5—花岗闪长（斑）岩；6—二长花岗（斑）岩；7—硅英岩；8—二长辉长岩；9—二长闪长岩；10—二长岩；11—石英二长岩；12—正长岩；13—副长石辉长岩；14—副长石二长闪长岩；15—副长石二长正长岩；16—副长石正长岩；17—副长深成岩；18—霓方钠岩/磷霞岩/粗白榴岩

Figure 3. QAP and TAS classification diagrams

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图版Ⅰ a.残留体构造；b.斑状结构；c.角闪石、绿泥石、绿帘石；d.叶腊石、滑石、硅灰石；e.斜长石环带；f.磷灰石、锆石；g.岩心纵断面；h.岩心横断面。a~f为正交偏光。Q—石英；Pl—斜长石；Bt—黑云母；Am—角闪石；Chl—绿泥石；Ep—绿帘石；Tlc—滑石；Prl—叶腊石；Zrn—锆石；Ap—磷灰石；Wo—硅灰石

图版Ⅰ.

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图 4 花岗岩SiO₂-K₂O判别图解（底图据参考文献[12]）

Figure 4. K₂O-SiO₂ discrimination diagram of granites in the mine

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图 5 花岗岩微量元素配分模式图（标准化值据参考文献[18]）

Figure 5. Trace elements distribution patterns of the granite mass in the mine

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图 6 花岗闪长斑岩锆石阴极发光图像、分析点位及²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄

Figure 6. CL images, measured points and age data ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U of zircon from granitic diorite porphyry

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图 7 花岗闪长斑岩体锆石U-Pb谐和图（a）和²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄图谱（b）

Figure 7. Zircon U-Pb concordia diagram (a) and ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age spectrum (b) from granitic diorite porphyry

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图 8 微量元素Yb-Ta（a）和(Yb+Ta)-Rb（b）构造环境判别图解^[25]

ORG—大洋中脊花岗岩；WPG—板内花岗岩；VAG—火山弧花岗岩；Syn-COLG—同碰撞花岗岩

Figure 8. Yb-Ta (a) and (Yb+Ta)-Rb (b) discrimination diagrams showing tectonic setting

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表 1 花岗岩体主量、微量和稀土元素分析结果及特征值

Table 1 Chemical analytical data of major, trace and rare earth elements for the granite mass in the mine, and their characteristic element ratios

样品编号	ZK254 08-H1	ZK254 08-H2	ZK254 08-H3	ZK254 08-H4	ZK254 08-H5
SiO₂	67.46	65.36	65.57	69.14	67.34
Al₂O₃	15.1	14.96	15.41	14.19	15.26
Fe₂O₃	0.94	0.83	1.29	0.79	0.9
FeO	2.58	2.94	3.02	2.45	2.71
CaO	2.35	2.92	3.63	2.66	3.36
MgO	1.83	1.65	1.93	1.6	1.62
K₂O	4.32	4.23	3.17	3.93	3.59
Na₂O	2.67	3.01	3.01	2.53	2.86
TiO₂	0.46	0.5	0.52	0.44	0.48
P₂O₅	0.1	0.12	0.12	0.1	0.11
MnO	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.05
H₂O⁺	1.42	1.6	1.36	1.12	0.82
LOS	2.02	3.31	2.12	1.98	1.59
Cu	1440	833	3340	1350	258
Pb	22.2	23	22.5	31	23.7
Mo	3.02	2.67	3.21	3.31	2.4
Cr	22.2	17.5	20.3	19.5	23.8
Ni	13.2	6.97	14.1	14	15.7
Co	9.94	9.25	13.6	9.67	10.8
Rb	339	442	249	245	278
Sr	239	242	237	207	262
Ba	556	541	431	466	521
Nb	9.8	10.8	10.5	10.1	10.5
Ta	0.65	0.72	0.7	0.68	0.7
Zr	84.4	144	147	119	146
Hf	2.91	4.1	4.17	3.52	4.24
U	6.75	6.9	5.99	6.21	6.94
Th	27.1	26.2	23.9	26.9	27
Rb/Sr	1.42	1.83	1.05	1.18	1.06
K/Rb	127.43	95.70	127.31	160.41	129.14
Sr/Ba	0.43	0.45	0.55	0.44	0.50
Nb/Ta	15.08	15.00	15.00	14.85	15.00
Th/U	4.01	3.80	3.99	4.33	3.89
La	32.8	35.2	32.9	31.1	34.6
Ce	58.0	66.2	60.1	53.2	62.8
Pr	5.95	6.80	6.33	5.59	6.52
Nd	19.1	23.5	21.0	18.1	21.2
Sm	3.36	4.08	3.65	3.13	3.74
Eu	0.78	0.76	0.82	0.70	0.87
Gd	2.79	3.42	3.32	2.72	3.32
Tb	0.43	0.49	0.50	0.39	0.49
Dy	2.52	2.80	2.92	2.31	2.96
Ho	0.49	0.56	0.58	0.45	0.59
Er	1.34	1.54	1.62	1.33	1.64
Tm	0.22	0.24	0.25	0.20	0.26
Yb	1.40	1.49	1.73	1.39	1.76
Lu	0.22	0.24	0.28	0.22	0.29
Y	12.3	13.8	14.4	11.9	15.2
ΣREE	129.4	147.32	136	120.83	141.04
LREE	119.99	136.54	124.8	111.82	129.73
HREE	9.41	10.78	11.2	9.01	11.31
LREE/HREE	12.75	12.67	11.14	12.41	11.47
La_N/Yb_N	16.81	16.95	13.64	16.05	14.10
δEu	0.76	0.61	0.71	0.72	0.74
δCe	0.94	0.98	0.96	0.92	0.96
注：主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素为10^-6

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表 2 花岗闪长斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素测试结果

Table 2 LA-ICP-MS U-Th-Pb analytical results of zircons from granitic diorite porphyry

样点号	含量/10^-6		²³²Th/²³⁸U	同位素比值及误差								表面年龄/Ma
样点号	²³²Th	²³⁸U	²³²Th/²³⁸U	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁸Pb/ ²³²Th	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁸Pb/ ²³²Th	1σ
1	436.00	636.60	0.68	0.05182	0.00366	0.26550	0.01599	0.03760	0.00081	0.01308	0.00105	275.990	162.943	239.090	12.832	237.932	5.046	262.592	21.029
2	197.32	477.58	0.41	0.05360	0.00321	0.27458	0.01651	0.03731	0.00063	0.01263	0.00093	353.760	135.170	246.347	13.150	236.122	3.907	253.617	18.653
3	418.45	600.93	0.70	0.05281	0.00238	0.27595	0.01335	0.03772	0.00077	0.01385	0.00115	320.430	101.840	247.440	10.626	238.692	4.806	277.956	22.947
4	505.90	971.63	0.52	0.05320	0.00420	0.27485	0.02075	0.03750	0.00090	0.01381	0.00115	344.500	179.608	246.563	16.527	237.304	5.618	277.272	22.963
5	409.63	764.47	0.54	0.05245	0.00307	0.26947	0.01394	0.03782	0.00088	0.01162	0.00070	305.615	133.315	242.268	11.148	239.314	5.439	233.414	13.973
6	584.06	1050.52	0.56	0.05243	0.00217	0.27265	0.01368	0.03756	0.00098	0.01199	0.00066	305.615	94.433	244.814	10.915	237.680	6.074	240.969	13.137
7	285.57	544.35	0.52	0.05328	0.00229	0.27714	0.01279	0.03768	0.00075	0.01159	0.00063	338.945	98.138	248.388	10.173	238.407	4.676	232.862	12.620
8	397.22	499.06	0.80	0.05277	0.00471	0.26957	0.02340	0.03711	0.00133	0.01083	0.00063	320.430	203.680	242.352	18.720	234.890	8.295	217.663	12.607
9	309.62	376.88	0.82	0.05369	0.00421	0.26951	0.02329	0.03619	0.00147	0.00963	0.00068	366.720	179.608	242.302	18.626	229.165	9.117	193.709	13.628
10	556.06	963.28	0.58	0.05333	0.00340	0.27133	0.01539	0.03753	0.00096	0.01038	0.00064	342.650	144.425	243.757	12.289	237.531	5.985	208.712	12.861
11	412.66	605.31	0.68	0.05223	0.00223	0.25775	0.01032	0.03623	0.00047	0.00984	0.00053	294.505	98.133	232.855	8.331	229.443	2.897	198.000	10.645
12	391.21	497.89	0.79	0.05169	0.00428	0.25600	0.02039	0.03643	0.00090	0.00941	0.00057	272.285	186.088	231.439	16.487	230.640	5.612	189.260	11.344
13	389.97	629.54	0.62	0.05239	0.00300	0.26863	0.01453	0.03759	0.00060	0.00999	0.00052	301.910	131.463	241.599	11.629	237.897	3.733	200.825	10.428
14	469.67	644.38	0.73	0.05175	0.00422	0.26013	0.02210	0.03701	0.00153	0.01040	0.00074	275.990	187.013	234.772	17.807	234.277	9.485	209.023	14.895
15	678.53	1048.71	0.65	0.05322	0.00203	0.27685	0.01034	0.03785	0.00062	0.01003	0.00050	338.945	85.178	248.156	8.220	239.463	3.856	201.775	9.920
16	433.07	623.32	0.69	0.05309	0.00314	0.26947	0.01748	0.03742	0.00157	0.01018	0.00063	331.540	135.168	242.272	13.981	236.844	9.730	204.726	12.605
17	672.37	1044.12	0.64	0.05294	0.00256	0.27233	0.01176	0.03785	0.00083	0.00992	0.00048	327.835	109.248	244.558	9.386	239.515	5.146	199.610	9.526
18	303.65	360.57	0.84	0.05357	0.00470	0.26684	0.01976	0.03718	0.00139	0.01000	0.00059	353.760	198.123	240.164	15.837	235.320	8.629	201.076	11.850
19	270.72	460.95	0.59	0.05221	0.00420	0.26839	0.02133	0.03756	0.00103	0.00955	0.00055	294.505	189.790	241.406	17.079	237.678	6.401	192.161	10.986

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