Abstract: In order to cope with global climate change, the world energy transformation characterized by new energy resources replacing fossil fuels and nuclear fuels is rapidly advancing. Green, low carbon and environmental protection have become synonymous with the development of the times. In such a background, different countries practise different ways to deal with energy transformation due to differences in such aspects as resource endowments, energy consumption structure, and policy. For example, the United Kingdom focuses on the use of underground energy resources such as shale gas and geothermal energy and its associated infrastructure and technology; the United States continues to promote shale gas revolution, strengthen pre-research on gas hydrate, and strengthen basic research on traditional fossil energy use; The EU mainly focuses on integrating the regional market and establishing energy alliance so as to enhance its own energy security. As the technical support force, geological survey has been focusing on the potential evaluation of unconventional energy resources, research on developing technology, key technology equipment and environmental impact of hydraulic fracturing, with the purpose of supporting the national energy transformation. In view of China's national resources conditions, it is proposed to focus on such aspects as shale gas, gas hydrate and geothermal resources, building the world's top R & D center, promoting unconventional oil and gas research, doing a good pre-technical reserves on oil and gas development, strengthening the natural gas pricing mechanism research, and promoting the establishment of international LNG trading center in Shanghai.