Saturated hydrocarbon geochemical characteristics of the oil sand from YD1 well in Jinyang Basin and its significance for oil and gas exploration
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摘要:
在中国地质调查局沈阳地质调查中心实施的“羊D1”井的中侏罗统髫髻山组火山岩中见多处油气显示，取得了油气新发现。对该井已发现的2件油砂样品中的原油采用气相色谱-质谱技术（GC-MS）进行了分析测试，结果显示，2个油砂样品的地球化学特征一致，表现为链烷烃呈现出单峰态的分布，主峰碳数分别为C21和C22，无明显奇碳数优势，姥植比值低；萜类化合物表现为，三环萜烷以C23为主峰呈正态分布，C24四环萜烷与C26三环萜烷丰度相当，伽马蜡烷含量较高；甾类化合物表现为规则甾烷相对含量关系为C27 > C29 > C28，以C27甾烷占优势的不对称“V”形分布。这些指标总体指示，原油为成熟油，对应烃源岩沉积于偏还原性的湖相环境，母质来源主要为藻类等低等水生生物，陆源高等植物也具有一定贡献。通过和周边的北票组烃源岩进行油岩对比研究发现，油砂样品中的原油可能来自于盆地内下伏的下侏罗统北票组烃源岩的贡献。研究结果说明，北票组在金羊盆地分布广泛，其烃源岩可能具有较好的生油潜力，金羊盆地是一个具有勘探潜力的含油气盆地。
Abstract:Recently researchers from Shenyang Geological Survey of CGS made several new discoveries in geological well YD1 in Jinglingsi-Yangshan basin (Jinyang Basin). During the drilling of YD1 the authors detected several oil and gas showings in the fractures of the drilling core in Mid-Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation (J2t) which was mainly composed of intermediate igneous rocks. The characteristics of biomarkers from YD1 oil sand were analyzed by the method of gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC, GC-MS). The results show that the two oil sand samples have similar geochemical characteristics:the n-alkane distribution exhibits one sole peak pattern, and the dominant peaks are nC21 and nC22 separately; there is no clear odd or even carbon number predominance for the n-alkanes, and thus the carbon preference index (CPI) is only slightly higher than 1; the samples have low Pr/Ph ratios. The terpene is characterized by the normal distribution of C23 tricyclic terpene and similar abundance of C24 tetracy-clic terpene and C26 tricyclic terpene, with a relatively abundant value of gammacerane. The regular steranes are dominated by the C27-steranes, and their relative abundance is in the order of C27 > C29 > C28, exhibiting the "V" distribution pattern. These biomarkers' characteristics indicate that the source rocks are matured and predominated mainly by planktonic/algal organic matter. The source rocks were deposited in a lacustrine environment with a high-salinity stratified water column and anoxic conditions. The oil-source correlation results showed that the crude oil from the samples was possibly derived from the source rock in Early Jurassic Beipiao Formation (J1b). The results indicate that the source rock from Beipiao Formation is widely spread in Jinyang Basin and has good oil and gas potential, and hence Jinyang Basin is a petroliferous basin with good potential for oil and gas exploration.
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Keywords:
- Jinyang Basin /
- YD1 well /
- oil sand /
- biomarker /
- oil-source rock correlation
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致谢: 中国地质调查局沈阳地质调查中心肖飞博士在写作过程中提供了很多帮助，长江大学地球化学实验室的老师完成了样品分析测试，审稿人提出了宝贵的意见，在此一并表示感谢。
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图 1 金羊盆地构造分区图与羊D1井1207~1474.5m岩性柱状图
Figure 1. Geological sketch map of Jinyang Basin and lithological column of YD1
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图 2 羊D1井进尺1273.23m与1273.71m处所见油斑及其荧光干照照片
Figure 2. Oil spot in the drilling core of YD1 at the footage of 1273.21m, 1273.71m and its fluorescent photo, with the core composed of andesite
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图 3 金羊盆地羊D1井髫髻山组油砂链烷烃分布（m/z=85）
Figure 3. The distribution of n-alkanes of oil sand from Tiaojishan Formation in YD1 well, Jinyang Basin
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图 4 金羊盆地羊D1井髫髻山组油砂萜类化合物分布（m/z 191）
Figure 4. Terpanes series distribution of oil sand from Tiaojishan Formation in YD1 well, Jinyang Basin
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图 5 金羊盆地羊D1井髫髻山组油砂甾烷系列化合物分布（m/z 217）
Figure 5. The distribution of steranes of oil sand from Tiaojishan Formation in YD1 well, Jinyang Basin
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图 6 羊D1井油砂与金羊盆地北票组烃源岩生标特征对比
Figure 6. Comparison for the characteristics of biomarker from oil sand of YD1 well and source rock of Beipiao Formation in Jinyang Basin
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图 7 三组样品生标参数对比
Figure 7. Correlation between Pr/Ph and G/C30H, sterane C27/C29 and C24TT/C26TE for the three groups of samples
表 1 羊D1井髫髻山组油砂和金羊盆地北票组烃源岩饱和烃色谱参数
Table 1 Saturated hydrocarbons gas chromatogram parameters of oil sand from Tiaojishan Formation in YD1 and source rock from Beipiao Formation in Jinyang Basin
样品号 采样位置 样品类型 CPI OEP ∑nC21-/∑nC22+ （nC21+nC22)/
（nC28+nC29)Pr/nC17 Ph/nC18 Pr/Ph 主峰碳数 YD1-1273.23 羊D1井 含油油砂 1.16 1.03 0.47 2.68 2.77 1.45 0.73 C22 YD1-1273.71 羊D1井 含油油砂 1.28 1.02 0.84 15.99 0.36 0.19 0.45 C21 15WL-S5 卧龙剖面 烃源岩 1.13 1.08 0.43 1.65 0.60 1.22 0.63 C23 15WL-S8 卧龙剖面 烃源岩 1.13 1.08 0.30 0.85 0.65 1.29 0.66 C23 15WL-S10 卧龙剖面 烃源岩 1.14 1.08 0.38 1.32 0.67 1.29 0.65 C23 15WL-S12 卧龙剖面 烃源岩 1.14 1.07 0.50 2.13 0.62 1.17 0.61 C23 15WL-S12-1 卧龙剖面 烃源岩 1.19 1.14 0.54 1.00 0.09 0.10 1.04 C25 15WL-S14 卧龙剖面 烃源岩 1.2 1.13 0.49 1.02 0.06 0.06 1.15 C25 15WL-S16 卧龙剖面 烃源岩 1.09 1.07 2.86 7.85 0.05 0.06 0.65 C10 15XGG-S1 西坤头营子剖面 烃源岩 1.16 1.07 1.33 3.58 0.49 0.12 3.91 C19 15XGG-S3 西坤头营子剖面 烃源岩 1.21 1.12 1.20 3.09 0.51 0.13 3.95 C19 15XGG-S5 西坤头营子剖面 烃源岩 1.18 1.11 1.58 4.96 0.36 0.08 4.15 C18 15XGG-S8 西坤头营子剖面 烃源岩 1.18 1.12 1.39 3.86 0.33 0.10 3.45 C19 15XGG-S10 西坤头营子剖面 烃源岩 1.16 1.06 1.44 4.66 0.41 0.11 3.66 C19 15XGG-S11 西坤头营子剖面 烃源岩 1.19 1.09 1.34 3.85 0.45 0.11 3.93 C19 15XGG-S13 西坤头营子剖面 烃源岩 1.17 1.07 1.49 4.54 0.30 0.09 3.14 C19 
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表 2 羊D1井中油砂及金羊盆地北票组烃源岩生标参数
Table 2 Biomarker parameters in the oil sand from YD1 well and source rock from Beipiao Formation in Jinyang Basin
样品号 采样位置 样品类型 伽马蜡烷/C30藿烷 Ts/Tm 甾烷C2920S/(20S+20R) 藿烷22S/
(22R+22S)C30莫烷/
C30藿烷YD1-1273.23 羊D1井 含油油砂 0.32 0.72 0.46 0.60 0.17 YD1-1273.71 羊D1井 含油油砂 0.27 0.77 0.44 0.56 0.17 15WL-S5 卧龙剖面 烃源岩 0.3 0.81 0.41 0.60 0.17 15WL-S8 卧龙剖面 烃源岩 0.28 0.81 0.42 0.57 0.16 15WL-S10 卧龙剖面 烃源岩 0.29 0.83 0.43 0.60 0.16 15WL-S12 卧龙剖面 烃源岩 0.28 0.82 0.43 0.60 0.16 15WL-S12-1 卧龙剖面 烃源岩 0.21 0.78 0.43 0.61 0.20 15WL-S14 卧龙剖面 烃源岩 0.18 0.81 0.43 0.63 0.20 15WL-S16 卧龙剖面 烃源岩 0.29 0.81 0.42 0.58 0.17 15XGG-S1 西坤头营子剖面 烃源岩 0.05 0.28 0.44 0.59 0.16 15XGG-S3 西坤头营子剖面 烃源岩 0.03 0.56 0.48 0.59 0.16 15XGG-S5 西坤头营子剖面 烃源岩 0.04 0.66 0.46 0.59 0.14 15XGG-S8 西坤头营子剖面 烃源岩 0.04 1.4 0.52 0.58 0.14 15XGG-S10 西坤头营子剖面 烃源岩 0.07 0.45 0.44 0.59 0.16 15XGG-S11 西坤头营子剖面 烃源岩 0.05 0.36 0.45 0.59 0.15 15XGG-S13 西坤头营子剖面 烃源岩 0.09 1.45 0.47 0.59 0.13
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