The discovery of Early Paleozoic eclogite in the upper reaches of Langmuri in eastern East Kunlun Mountains and its significance
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摘要:
在东昆仑东段郎木日上游最新识别出榴辉岩，其野外产状为透镜状、块状，与围岩呈断层接触。含榴辉岩的变质带宽1~3km，榴辉岩呈透镜体状分布于古元古界白沙河岩组变质岩及新元古代花岗片麻岩中，榴辉岩相岩石组合为榴辉岩和榴闪岩。榴辉岩相矿物组合为石榴子石+绿辉石+金红石+石英。石榴子石-单斜辉石矿物温压计估算出榴辉岩形成的温压条件为T=650~750℃，p=1.8~2.0GPa，在石榴子石Alm+Spess-Pyr-Gross三角图解中落入C型榴辉岩区。榴辉岩中锆石阴极发光图像显示，大部分具有扇形分带或杉树叶结构，少数具有弱环带结构，31颗锆石Th/U值较低（0.06~0.135），其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄明显分为2类，一类谐和年龄值为431.9±2.3Ma，代表了榴辉岩相峰期变质年龄；另一类谐和年龄值为487±5.9Ma，可能为原岩在俯冲过程中受构造热事件影响发生变质的结果。参考区域蛇绿岩及构造岩浆事件，确定研究区本次高压变质的峰期时代为早志留世晚期，可能发生于东昆仑俯冲消减-碰撞环境，结合邻区发现的同类型榴辉岩，恢复了一条东昆仑地区早古生代的高压变质带。
Abstract:Eclogite was recognized recently in the upper reaches of Langmuri in eastern East Kunlun Mountains. In the field, the eclogite occurs in lenticular and massive forms and exhibits fault contact with surrounding rocks. The ecologite-bearing metamorphic zone is 1~3km in width. The lenticular eclogite is distributed in metamorphic rocks of Paleoproterozoic Baishahe Formation and Neoproterozoic granite gneiss.The eclogite facies rock association is composed of eclogite and pomegranate amphibolite, and the eclogite facies mineral assemblage consists of eclogite+omphacite+rutile+quartz. According to eclogite-clinopyroxene mineral temperature and pressure gauge, the temperature and pressure conditions of eclogite rock are estimated as follows: T=650~750℃, p=1.8~2.0GPa, falling into the C-type eclogite zone in garnet Alm+Spess-Pyr-Gross triangular diagram. Zircons in the eclogite CL images show that most zircons have the fan zoning or "fir leaves" structure, with a few weak band structures. Th/U ratios of 31 zircon samples are relatively low (0.06~0.135). The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages can be divided into two kinds: a kind of concordant age is 431.9±2.3Ma, representing the eclogite facies metamorphic peak age; the other concordant age is 487±5.9Ma. Original rock might have resulted from the deterioration that occurred under the influence of tectonic events during the subduction process. In consideration of regional ophiolite and tectonic magmatic events, the authors hold that the peak of high-pressure metamorphism in the study area occurred in late Early Silurian in the East Kunlun subduction-collision environment. Combined with the same type of eclogites found in adjacent areas, the authors restored a Palaeozoic high-pressure metamorphic belt in East Kunlun region.
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致谢: 参加本项目野外工作的还有蔡振锋、屈小相、翟黎明、魏伟、申恒明、李政林等同志，成文过程中与青海省地质调查院祁生胜教授级高级工程师、中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心李向民研究员进行了有益的探讨，审稿专家提出了宝贵的修改意见，在此一并表示诚挚的谢意。
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图 1 研究区地质简图
1-下古生界纳赤台群；2-中元古界长城系小庙岩组；3-古元古界白沙河岩组；4-晚奥陶世埃达克质花岗岩；5-加里东期-印支期花岗闪长岩；6-新元古代花岗质片麻岩；7-榴辉岩、榴闪岩透镜体；8-超基性岩透镜体；9-东昆中早古生代长石山蛇绿构造混杂岩带；10-断层；11-地质界线；12-同位素年龄样品采样点/剖面位置
Figure 1. Geological sketch map of the study area
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图 2 高压变质带地质剖面
1-第四纪沉积物；2-大理岩；3-黑云石英片岩；4-黑云斜长片麻岩；5-正变质花岗片麻岩；6-榴辉岩、榴闪岩透镜体；7-断层；8-产状；9-地质体代号；10-同位素年龄样品采样点及编号。Pt1b-古元古界白沙河沿组；γPt3-新元古代花岗质片麻岩
Figure 2. Geological section of the high pressure metamorphic belt
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图 3 榴辉岩野外宏观（a）及榴辉岩透镜体内的石英脉照片（b）
Figure 3. The field occurrence of the eclogite (a) and quartz veins in the eclogite lenses (b)
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图 4 榴辉岩中石榴子石成分图解[42]
Alm-铁铝榴石；Spess-锰铝榴石；Gross-钙铝榴石；Pyrope-镁铝榴石
Figure 4. Composition of garnets in eclogites
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图 6 榴辉岩锆石透射光、阴极发光（CL）图像及206Pb/238U年龄
Figure 6. Transmitted light, CL image and 206Pb/238U ages of zircons from eclogites
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图 7 榴辉岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄图
Figure 7. U-Pb concordia diagram and 206Pb/238U age plots of zircons from eclogite as measured by LA-ICP-MS
表 1 榴辉岩中绿辉石、石榴子石的成分
Table 1 Chemistry of omphacite and garnet in eclogites
序号 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 矿物 石榴子石 绿辉石 SiO2 55.63 55.78 56.72 55.92 56.09 56.62 56.59 56.53 56.32 37.63 38.64 38.43 38.55 38.68 38.20 38.44 38.65 38.47 38.45 38.39 38.01 T1O2 0.163 0.209 0.145 0.162 0.048 0.178 0.155 0.194 0.190 0.030 0.094 0.034 0.095 0.108 0.070 0.065 0.131 0.105 0.088 0.101 0.076 MnO 0 0.027 0.061 0.050 0.017 0.056 0.023 0.031 0.002 0.572 0.563 0.594 0.549 0.618 0.626 0.497 0.621 0.520 0.522 0.605 0.473 Al2O3 10.29 10.27 10.93 10.35 10.51 10.89 10.83 10.75 10.85 21.14 21.38 21.43 21.55 21.19 21.58 21.52 21.67 21.12 21.21 21.55 20.96 FeO 6.185 6.221 6.177 6.268 6.096 6.453 5.928 6.123 5.922 26.89 27.67 27.63 27.15 27.67 27.85 27.08 27.12 26.78 26.78 27.81 27.14 CaO 12.54 12.60 12.35 12.55 12.63 12.90 12.25 12.62 12.66 8.683 8.536 8.512 8.410 8.644 8.495 8.513 8.532 8.628 8.770 8.347 8.477 MgO 7.548 7.676 7.036 7.347 7.208 7.199 7.386 7.305 7.234 4.224 4.388 4.260 4.315 4.506 4.197 4.475 4.507 4.431 4.496 4.171 4.322 K2O 0.008 0 0 0.014 0 0 0.022 0.023 0.019 0.004 0 0.015 0.012 0 0 0 0 0.005 0.004 0 0 Na2O 5.553 5.433 6.011 5.726 5.656 5.969 5.848 5.732 6.032 0.023 0.032 0.034 0.019 0.025 0.023 0.051 0.040 0.043 0.040 0 0.044 Cr2O3 0.012 0.032 0.012 0.022 0 0 0 0 0.037 0.055 0.016 0.023 0.009 0.034 0 0 0 0 0 0.014 0.044 SrO 0.202 0.124 0.247 0.181 0.166 0.178 0.165 0.180 0.151 0.092 0.109 0.094 0.080 0.069 0.121 0.110 0.059 0.150 0.081 0.176 0.035 Total 98.14 98.36 99.69 98.59 98.42 100.4 99.20 99.48 99.42 99.34 101.4 101.1 100.7 101.6 101.2 100.7 101.3 100.3 100.4 101.2 99.59 O 6.000 6.000 6.000 6.000 6.000 6.000 6.000 6.000 6.000 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 Si 2.048 2.050 2.054 2.049 2.059 2.036 2.057 2.053 2.041 2.972 2.991 2.986 3.002 2.990 2.968 2.990 2.989 3.008 2.999 2.985 2.995 Ti 0.005 0.006 0.004 0.004 0.001 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.006 0.006 0.004 0.004 0.008 0.006 0.005 0.006 0.005 Mn 0 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.001 0 0.038 0.037 0.039 0.036 0.040 0.041 0.033 0.041 0.034 0.034 0.040 0.032 Al 0.446 0.445 0.467 0.447 0.455 0.462 0.464 0.460 0.463 1.967 1.951 1.963 1.977 1.931 1.976 1.972 1.974 1.947 1.950 1.974 1.946 Fe3+ 0.037 0.030 0.055 0.049 0.063 0.016 0.055 0.040 0.031 0.085 0.061 0.066 0.011 0.079 0.084 0.049 0.039 0.032 0.049 0.044 0.059 Fe2+ 0.153 0.161 0.132 0.143 0.124 0.178 0.126 0.146 0.148 1.692 1.731 1.730 1.757 1.710 1.725 1.712 1.715 1.719 1.698 1.764 1.730 Ca 0.495 0.496 0.479 0.493 0.497 0.497 0.477 0.491 0.491 0.735 0.708 0.709 0.702 0.716 0.707 0.709 0.707 0.723 0.733 0.695 0.716 Mg 0.414 0.421 0.380 0.401 0.394 0.386 0.400 0.395 0.391 0.497 0.506 0.493 0.501 0.519 0.486 0.519 0.520 0.517 0.523 0.483 0.508 K 0 0 0 0.001 0 0 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0 0.001 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Na 0.396 0.387 0.422 0.407 0.403 0.416 0.412 0.404 0.424 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.008 0.006 0.007 0.006 0 0.007 Cr 0 0.001 0 0.001 0 0 0 0 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0 0 0 0 0 0.001 0.003 Sr 0.004 0.003 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.005 0.005 0.003 0.007 0.004 0.008 0.002 cations 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 8.000 8.000 8.000 8.000 8.000 8.000 8.000 8.000 8.000 8.000 8.000 8.000 
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表 2 榴辉岩（D1817/1）LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb分析数据
Table 2 LA-ICP-MS U-Th-Pb data of zircons from eclogite (D1817/1)
分析 206Pb 232Th 238U Th/U 同位素比值 年龄/Ma 点位 含量/10-6 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 208Pb/232Th 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 01 96.6 41.5 324.6 0.128 0.0558 0.0032 0.5336 0.0303 0.0694 0.0019 0.0218 0.0014 443 122 434 20 432 11 02 54.1 16.6 160.9 0.103 0.0567 0.0048 0.6128 0.0516 0.0784 0.0025 0.0738 0.0051 479 179 485 33 487 15 03 92.0 22.5 312.1 0.072 0.0562 0.0045 0.5326 0.0419 0.0688 0.0021 0.0213 0.0026 459 168 434 28 429 13 04 100.4 27.2 337.4 0.081 0.0559 0.0020 0.5342 0.0196 0.0693 0.0017 0.0226 0.0011 446 77 435 13 432 10 05 88.8 39.6 297.8 0.133 0.0557 0.0023 0.5334 0.0221 0.0695 0.0017 0.0226 0.0010 439 88 434 15 433 10 06 78.5 27.7 264.2 0.105 0.0556 0.0035 0.5302 0.0334 0.0692 0.0019 0.0212 0.0018 434 135 432 22 431 12 07 73.7 28.1 247.1 0.114 0.0555 0.0033 0.5321 0.0312 0.0695 0.0019 0.0257 0.0017 433 126 433 21 433 11 08 40.3 13.3 120.3 0.110 0.0570 0.0066 0.6127 0.0701 0.0780 0.0029 0.0168 0.0029 489 239 485 44 484 17 09 94.3 34.2 316.6 0.108 0.0564 0.0034 0.5396 0.0321 0.0693 0.0019 0.0175 0.0014 469 128 438 21 432 11 10 43.6 15.2 146.5 0.104 0.0558 0.0064 0.5330 0.0600 0.0692 0.0025 0.0298 0.0038 445 237 434 40 432 15 11 97.5 25.9 327.3 0.079 0.0562 0.0030 0.5369 0.0288 0.0693 0.0018 0.0200 0.0016 458 115 436 19 432 11 12 95.3 29.8 321.0 0.093 0.0568 0.0029 0.5407 0.0280 0.0691 0.0018 0.0253 0.0016 481 111 439 18 431 11 13 81.7 26.6 274.4 0.097 0.0553 0.0022 0.5284 0.0211 0.0693 0.0017 0.0243 0.0011 426 85 431 14 432 10 14 62.8 20.0 186.3 0.108 0.0564 0.0049 0.6102 0.0523 0.0784 0.0025 0.0291 0.0030 469 183 484 33 487 15 15 78.7 22.7 262.8 0.086 0.0561 0.0053 0.5385 0.0499 0.0696 0.0023 0.0235 0.0030 457 196 437 33 434 14 16 41.8 14.4 140.2 0.103 0.0556 0.0033 0.5305 0.0315 0.0692 0.0019 0.0245 0.0018 436 128 432 21 431 11 17 76.1 22.9 254.4 0.090 0.0553 0.0022 0.5303 0.0217 0.0695 0.0017 0.0236 0.0012 425 87 432 14 433 10 18 75.6 32.5 253.1 0.128 0.0554 0.0049 0.5303 0.0458 0.0694 0.0022 0.0264 0.0024 428 185 432 30 433 13 19 40.5 14.9 120.3 0.124 0.0562 0.0068 0.6066 0.0722 0.0782 0.0029 0.0284 0.0038 461 249 481 46 486 18 20 75.2 20.8 252.0 0.082 0.0565 0.0027 0.5402 0.0256 0.0693 0.0018 0.0257 0.0016 473 101 439 17 432 11 21 38.7 14.5 129.6 0.112 0.0562 0.0035 0.5379 0.0333 0.0694 0.0019 0.0258 0.0018 460 133 437 22 432 11 22 94.0 42.6 315.2 0.135 0.0555 0.0030 0.5296 0.0287 0.0692 0.0018 0.0220 0.0013 432 117 432 19 431 11 23 92.3 33.4 308.0 0.108 0.0561 0.0035 0.5374 0.0336 0.0695 0.0019 0.0257 0.0018 455 134 437 22 433 11 24 45.7 14.5 152.7 0.095 0.0565 0.0056 0.5405 0.0530 0.0695 0.0023 0.0143 0.0023 469 208 439 35 433 14 25 139.0 28.0 464.9 0.060 0.0573 0.0023 0.5485 0.0223 0.0694 0.0017 0.0262 0.0015 504 86 444 15 432 10 26 100.6 38.2 336.0 0.114 0.0568 0.0032 0.5441 0.0307 0.0694 0.0018 0.0205 0.0014 485 121 441 20 433 11 27 65.11 19.2 192.0 0.100 0.0545 0.0099 0.5908 0.1050 0.0786 0.0039 0.0187 0.0052 392 363 471 67 488 23 28 94.12 26.0 278.8 0.093 0.0557 0.0056 0.6007 0.0589 0.0783 0.0026 0.0233 0.0032 439 208 478 37 486 16 29 174.3 42.2 582.2 0.072 0.0567 0.0019 0.5427 0.0187 0.0694 0.0017 0.0253 0.0011 481 72 440 12 433 10 30 56.99 16.3 169.3 0.096 0.0552 0.0059 0.5931 0.0626 0.0780 0.0027 0.0232 0.0033 419 224 473 40 484 16 31 80.69 32.0 269.8 0.119 0.0579 0.0037 0.5532 0.0350 0.0693 0.0019 0.0236 0.0017 526 134 447 23 432 12
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