Sedimentary response to the Late Quaternary envi-ronmental evolution in Pearl River Delta
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摘要:
珠江三角洲是一个复杂的网状河三角洲沉积体系，目前对其第四纪环境演化的历史仍存在多种认识。为进一步查清珠江三角洲地区第四纪环境演化的过程，对位于珠江口西岸的QZK6孔，在沉积结构、构造等研究的基础上，利用AMS 14C和光释光（OSL）测年、有机碳同位素、粒度等对第四纪地层的形成年代和沉积特征进行了详细分析。结果显示，该孔39.40~27.38m发育晚更新世风化层、河流等陆相沉积体系，27.38~2.00m发育全新世三角洲沉积体系。其中全新世三角洲沉积又可分为27.38~5.30m由三角洲平原、三角洲前缘和前三角洲组成的退积式三角洲沉积体系，以及5.30~2.00m的河口湾-三角洲前缘进积式三角洲沉积体系。该孔第四纪沉积特征揭示的环境变化，是对末次冰期低海面、早中全新世海面升高及晚全新世下降的响应。
Abstract:Pearl River Delta is a complex anastomosed delta system, and a number of debatable views concerning the environmental evolution during Quaternary period have existed since the 1970s-1980s. For a better understanding of the process, multidisciplinary approaches to the Core QZK6, drilled recently in the west bank of Pearl River estuary, have been carried out for exploring the environmental changes superimposed upon the depositional characteristics, including depositional structure and texture, grain size and organic carbon isotope analyses, AMS 14C and OSL (optically stimulated luminescence) dating. It is indicated that the terrestrial sedimentation of weathered layers and fluvial deposits at the depth of 39.40~27.38m formed in the Late Pleistocene, the retrograde delta sedimentation of delta plain, delta front and prodelta at the depth of 27.38~5.30m developed during the 10.982~2.087ka cal BP, and the prograding delta sedimentation of estuary to delta front at the depth of 5.30~2.00m deposited during the 2.087~0.203ka cal BP, were responses to the sedimentary environments with a low stand sea level during the last glacial period, a growing sea level during the Early to Middle Holocene, and a falling sea level during the Late Holocene respectively.
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致谢: 中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心魏乃颐教授级高工、中国地质大学（武汉）江涛和王新君教授分别在岩心编录、样品采集和实验测试中给予指导和帮助，在此一并致谢。
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图 1 现代珠江三角洲地理位置及QZK6 孔位置
Figure 1. Location of the modern Pearl River Delta and Borehole QZK6
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图 2 QZK6 孔岩心柱状图和测年数据
1—粘土质粉砂；2—细砂；3—中砂；4—粗砂；5—含砾砂；6—生物碎片；7—含泥炭层；8—不整合面；9—用于建立地层年代框架的AMS 14C 数据；10—未采用的AMS 14C 数据；11—OSL 数据
Figure 2. Profile and sedimentation age points of Core QZK6
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图 3 QZK6 孔岩心上部沉积物粒度和有机质δ13C 特征
Figure 3. Characteristics of grain size and organic δ13C in the upper layers of Core QZK6
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图 4 QZK6 钻孔27.00~2.00m 段沉积物粒度典型频率曲线
Figure 4. Typical frequency curves of grain size in the section between 27.00~2.00m layer of Core QZK6
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图 5 QZK6 钻孔第四纪沉积特征及沉积环境变化
（底栖有孔虫、介形虫和浮游有孔虫数据据未发表资料，图例同图 2）
Figure 5. Depositional characteristics and environmental change of the Quaternary sediments in Core QZK6
表 1 QZK6孔AMS 14C 年龄数据
Table 1 AMS 14C dating ages of Core QZK6
平均深度/m 测试材料 14C年龄/ka BP 校正年龄/ka cal BP 实验室编号 概率中值 2σ 3.925 淤泥 1.555 ± 0.025 1.302 1.237~1.378 BA120546 7.625 孢粉 3.190 ± 0.030 3.414 3.361~3.459 Beta-388257 10.025 孢粉 4.070 ± 0.030 4.558 4.440~4.800 Beta-388258 20.35 底栖有孔虫 8.720 ± 0.030 9.412 9.251~9.529 Beta-402037 25.025 孢粉 8.710 ± 0.030 9.647 9.551~9.761 Beta-388259 26.80 植物根 8.880 ± 0.030 10.032 9.896~10.172 Beta-402038 27.30 植物种子 9.570 ± 0.030 10.937 10.746~11.089 Beta-402039 注：BA 代表北京大学第四纪年代实验室；Beta 代表美国贝塔实验室 
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表 2 QZK6 孔OSL 测年数据
Table 2 OSL dating age of Core QZK6
采样深度/m U/10-6 Th/10-6 K/% 含水率/% 等效剂量/Gy 年剂量/(Gy· ka-1) 年龄/ka 27.80 1.80±0.11 6.42±0.22 0.90±0.03 5.64 113.27±5.74 1.68±0.04 67.48±3.81
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