Late Carboniferous brachiopods from the Piyaman-Buya area in southwestern Tarim Basin and an analysis of depositional environment
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摘要:
对塔里木盆地西南缘皮亚曼-布雅一带阿孜干组和塔哈奇组的岩性组合特征及其中的腕足类化石进行了研究。共鉴定出腕足类化石11属15种，分属于石燕贝目、长身贝目、扭月贝目和小嘴贝目。基于岩性组合和腕足类化石的特征，推测皮亚曼-布雅一带在晚石炭世中晚期的环境比较温暖，水体动荡、较浅，属于碳酸盐台地沉积环境；期间发生2次海退，其沉积记录分别位于阿孜干组上部与塔哈奇组顶部。
Abstract:The lithological characteristics and the brachiopods of the Azigan Formation and Tahaqi Formation of Piyaman-Buya area in southwestern Tarim Basin were studied. The brachiopods were assigned to 11 genera including 15 species, belonging to Spiriferida, Productida, Strophomenida and Rhynchonellida. Based on the characteristics of the lithology and brachiopods, the authors hold that, during middle and late Late Carboniferous period, the palaeoenvironment of Piyaman-Buya was warm. The sedimentary facie was carbonate plateau, and the water was shallow and turbulent. During this period, there were two retrogressions, and the sedimentary records were located on the upper section of Azigan Formation and at the top of the Tahaqi Formation.
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Keywords:
- brachiopods /
- depositional environment /
- Azigan Formation /
- Tahaqi Formation /
- Late Carboniferous /
- Tarim Basin
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致谢: 陕西区域地质矿产研究院新疆皮山县克里亚及新疆和田布雅2个区调项目组完成野外工作，郭洪祥高级工程师在化石鉴定、描述方面提供了很大的帮助，在此表示衷心感谢。
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图 1 研究区地质略图（据参考文献[14]修改）
Q—第四系；N—新近系；E—古近系；K—白垩系；J—侏罗系；P—二叠系；C—石炭系；SD—志留系-泥盆系；Pt-C—元古宇及石炭系
Figure 1. Geological map of the study area
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图 2 阿孜干组（C2az）与塔哈奇组（C2th）地层柱状图
Figure 2. Stratigraphic column of Azigan Formation (C2az) and Tahaqi Formation(C2th)
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图版Ⅰ a.密纹分喙石燕Choristites densicostastus，BYD-C2-HS3-01，比例尺=1cm；b.平坦分喙石燕Choristites planus，BYD-C2-HS1-01，比例尺=1cm；c.平坦分喙石燕Choristites planus，BYD-C2-HS3-02，比例尺=1cm；d.刺瘤轮刺贝Echinoconchus punctatus，BYD-C2-D4005/ 1H-02，比例尺=0.5cm；e.刺瘤轮刺贝Echinoconchus punctatus，BYD-C2-HS1-02，比例尺=1cm；f.大顾脱贝Kutorgenella magna，BYD-C2-D4005/1H-03，比例尺=1cm；g.放射直形贝Orthotetes radiate，PYMN-C2-D0093/ 1HS-02，比例尺=1cm；h.放射直形贝Orthotetes radiate，BYD-C2-D4005/1H-05，比例尺=1cm；i.放射直形贝Orthotetes radiate，BYD-C2-D1027/1H-02，比例尺=0.5cm
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图版Ⅱ a.阿留托夫分喙石燕Choristites aljutovensis，PYMN-C2-D0093/1HS-01，比例尺=0.5cm；b.阿留托夫分喙石燕Choristites aljutovensis，PYMN-C2-D0728/1HS-02，比例尺=1cm；c.细网赵氏贝Chaoiella tenoireticulatus，PYMN-C2-D0728/1HS-01，比例尺=0.5cm；d.脊形“阿翁贝”"Avonia"echidniformis，BYD-C2-D1027/1H-01，比例尺=0.5cm；e.脊形“阿翁贝”"Avonia"echidniformis，BYD-C2-D4005/1H-01，比例尺=1cm；f.存疑马丁贝Martinia incerta，BYD-C2-D1027/1H-03，比例尺=0.2cm；g.存疑马丁贝Martinia incerta，BYD-C2-D4005/1H-04，比例尺=0.5cm；h.直形贝未定种Orthotetes sp.，BYD-C2-D4005/1 H-06，比例尺=1cm；i.半圆皱戟贝Rugosochonetes semicircularis，PYMN-C2-D0325/1HS-02，比例尺=0.2cm
表 1 阿孜干组及塔哈奇组所含腕足类化石
Table 1 Brachiopods from the Azigan Formation and Tahaqi Formation
目 种 所属地层 Brachythyrina sp. 阿孜干组 Choristites aljutovensis 塔哈奇组 Choristites densicostastus 塔哈奇组 石燕贝目 Choristites jigulensis 阿孜干组、塔哈奇组 Choristites planu 阿孜干组、塔哈奇组 Elivina placoradiatus 塔哈奇组 Martinia incerta 塔哈奇组 "Avonia" echidniformis 塔哈奇组 Chaoiella tenuireticulatus 阿孜干组、塔哈奇组 Echinoconchus punctatus 阿孜干组、塔哈奇组 长身贝目 Kutorginella magna 塔哈奇组 Rugosochonetes semicircularis 阿孜干组 扭月贝目 Orthotetes radiata Orthotetes sp. 塔哈奇组阿孜干组、塔哈奇组 小嘴贝目 Pseudowellerella cf. nikchitchi 阿孜干组 
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