Geochemical evidence of the Pliocene bimodel volcanic rocks in Yingjiang area of western Yunnan Province and its tectonic significance
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摘要:
盈江地区上新世火山岩是腾冲火山岩的重要组成部分，但以往研究极少涉及。通过对该火山岩进行岩石地球化学和KAr年代学研究，同时与腾冲火山岩东侧的龙江河谷地区的上新世火山岩对比，认为盈江和腾冲地区上新世火山岩是大陆构造背景下造山带造山后伸展作用下形成的火山岩，具有高Al2O3（15.54%~17.44%）、高K2O（0.94%~3.50%）的岩石化学特点，为高钾钙碱性系列火山岩，形成于拉张环境，为双峰式火山岩（玄武岩DI=33~50，英安岩DI=62~76）。造山带裂谷火山岩常具弧火山岩的岩石化学特点，但其形成于造山带造山后的拉张环境，与板块俯冲作用没有直接关系。造山带裂谷火山岩发育在早期造山带，是造山带发展过程中一定阶段的岩浆作用的产物。
Abstract:The Pliocene volcanic rocks in Yingjiang area constitute an important part of Tengchong volcanic rocks, but they are rarely involved in previous studies. In this paper, through the study of petrochemistry and K-Ar geochronology of the volcanic rocks and a comparison with the eastern Tengchong Pliocene volcanic rocks in the Longjiang River Valley area, the authors consider that the Pliocene volcanic rocks in Yingjiang and Tengchong areas seem to be a kind of rift volcanic rocks of the post-tectonic orogenic belt formed under the effect of extension that appeared in the continental tectonic background. With high Al2O3 (15.54%~17.44%) and high K2O (0.94%~3.50%) petrochemical characteristics, the rocks should belong to high potassium calc-alkaline volcanic rock series. They formed in an extensional environment and belong to bimodel volcanic rocks (basalt DI=33~50, dacite DI=62~76). The rocks have the geochemical characteristics of arc volcanic rocks, but they formed in a tensional environment in post-tectonic orogenic belt and had nothing to do with the plate subduction. The rift volcanic rocks of orogenic belts formed in the early orogenic belt and hence were magmatic products in the process of the development of the orogenic belt at a certain stage.
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Keywords:
- Pliocene /
- volcanic rocks /
- high potassium calc-alkaline /
- bimodel /
- rift of orogenic belts /
- Tengchong block /
- Yingjiang
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致谢: 岩矿鉴定由云南省地矿局张伟明高级工程师完成，审稿专家提出了许多宝贵意见，在此表示衷心感谢。
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图 1 盈江地区上新世火山岩地质简图
1—第四系；2—上新世玄武岩；3—上新世英安岩；4—二叠系；5—下石炭统；6—下泥盆统；7—古元古界；8—古近纪辉绿岩；9—古近纪钾长花岗岩；10—古近纪二长花岗岩；11—晚白垩世二长花岗岩；12—三叠纪二长花岗岩；13—三叠纪闪长岩；14—中元古代花岗岩；15—辉长岩；16—花岗岩；17—玄武岩；18—英安岩；19—断层/地质界线；20—同位素测年值及方法
Figure 1. Geological sketch map of Pliocene volcanic rocks, Yingjiang area
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图 2 盈江地区上新世火山火山机构照片
a—木瓜塘火山的破火山口；b—仗刀火山的火山锥
Figure 2. Photograph of Pliocene volcanic edifice, Yingjiang area
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图 3 盈江地区上新世玄武岩(a)和英安岩（b）野外露头照片
Figure 3. Photograph of the outcrop of Pliocene basalt (a) and dacite (b), Yingjiang area
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图 4 盈江地区火山岩SiO2-(K2O+Na2O)图[5]
A—碱性系列；S—亚碱性系列
Figure 4. SiO2-(K2O+Na2O) diagram of Pliocene volcanic rocks, Yingjiang area
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图 5 盈江地区火山岩AFM图[5]
T—拉斑玄武岩系列；C—钙碱性系列
Figure 5. AFM diagram of Pliocene volcanic rocks, Yingjiang area
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图 6 盈江地区火山岩SiO2-100×K2O/(Na2O+0.7K2O)图[6]
Figure 6. SiO2-100×K2O/(Na2O+0.7K2O) diagram of Pliocene volcanic rocks, Yingjiang area
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图 7 盈江地区火山岩SiO2-K2O图[7]
Figure 7. SiO2-K2O diagram of Pliocene volcanic rocks, Yingjiang area
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图 10 盈江—龙江地区上新世火山岩DI-频数直方图
Figure 10. DI-frequency histogram of Pliocene volcanic rocks, Yingjiang area and Longjiiang area
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图 11 盈江地区上新世玄武岩Zr-Zr/Y图解[22]
Figure 11. Zr-Zr/Y diagram of Pliocene basalt, Yingjiang area
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图 12 盈江地区上新世长英质火山岩Zr-Hf图解[23]
Figure 12. Zr-Hf diagram of Pliocene felsic volcanic rocks, Yingjiang area
表 1 盈江地区上新世火山岩主量、微量和稀土元素分析结果
Table 1 Major, trace elements and REE analyses of the Pliocene volcanic rocks, Yingjiang area
样品号 TZ1 TZ2 TZ3 TZ4 TZ6 TZ8 BB4 BB5 BB6 MN1 MN2 MN3 MN4 MN5 MN6 采样地点 苏典桃子寨(TZ1-TZ8) 苏典邦別(BB4-BB6) 勐弄街(MN1-MN6) 岩石名称 橄榄玄武岩(TZ1-TZ8) 橄榄玄武(质桁安)岩(BB4-MN6) SiO2 50.50 50.26 49.74 50.29 49.54 49.57 48.99 50.17 53.51 50.97 51.36 51.87 52.14 52.00 51.82 TiO2 1.31 1.31 1.17 1.20 1.20 1.31 1.21 1.18 1.27 1.28 1.28 1.3 1.29 1.31 1.25 Al2O3 16.43 16.23 16.26 16.49 16.37 16.45 16.49 16.01 17.44 16.91 17.05 17.29 17.14 17.29 17.14 Fe2O3 3.76 3.32 3.95 4.45 3.52 3.62 4.89 3.77 2.27 2.05 2.59 3.4 2.02 2.13 6.8 FeO 5.91 6.36 6.02 5.88 6.8 6.25 5.85 5.92 5.4 5.54 5.1 4.58 5.74 5.8 1.15 MnO 0.128 0.149 0.148 0.157 0.165 0.141 0.155 0.151 0.136 0.142 0.132 0.128 0.132 0.136 0.143 MgO 7.04 6.96 8.06 6.54 7.58 7.37 6.91 7.84 4.86 6.3 6.55 6.01 6.45 6.41 6.2 CaO 7.17 7.65 7.39 8.01 7.59 7.42 8.19 7.65 7.43 7.39 7.05 6.84 7.28 7.35 6.26 Na2O 3.35 3.49 3.11 3.4 3.18 3.16 3.19 3.24 3.86 3.18 3.48 3.39 4.04 3.66 3.5 K2O 1.33 1.36 1.14 1.21 1.04 1.19 0.941 1.3 2.16 2.41 2.51 2.4 2.42 2.38 2.42 P2O3 0.273 0.261 0.282 0.284 0.244 0.246 0.242 0.318 0.377 0.48 0.481 0.498 0.484 0.486 0.496 LOI 1.95 1.76 1.84 1.21 1.85 2.41 2.1 1.56 0.467 2.5 1.61 1.49 0.001 0.159 2.48 Total 99.39 99.10 99.72 99.17 99.41 99.28 99.05 99.72 99.50 99.52 99.74 99.68 99.19 99.45 99.92 La 27.0 23.2 34.6 37.3 27.0 19.0 28.1 42.7 49.4 39.6 39.3 44.6 40.0 38.3 40.6 Ce 51.5 45.5 65.7 69.8 52 37.4 53.2 80.1 87.8 76.4 75.8 80.0 77.0 73.7 77.8 Pr 5.48 4.84 6.71 7.04 5.46 4.01 5.61 7.98 8.94 7.78 7.76 8.54 7.83 7.52 7.97 Nd 21.9 19.5 25.7 26.9 21.8 16.8 22.3 30.1 34.4 29.6 29.5 32.8 30.5 29 30.7 Sm 4.53 4.16 4.77 4.96 4.29 3.78 4.55 5.26 6.33 5.4 5.54 6.11 5.62 5.38 5.56 Eu 1.47 1.37 1.45 1.55 1.39 1.32 1.47 1.58 2.02 1.68 1.68 1.88 1.7 1.65 1.67 Gd 4.17 3.9 4.46 4.58 4.06 3.54 4.2 4.68 5.76 4.86 4.82 5.34 4.97 4.78 4.9 Tb 0.68 0.64 0.71 0.73 0.69 0.62 0.70 0.71 0.9 0.75 0.74 0.84 0.76 0.74 0.75 Dy 4.15 3.89 4.24 4.46 4.29 3.86 4.38 4.22 5.45 4.38 4.37 4.98 4.5 4.35 4.31 Ho 0.82 0.78 0.87 0.92 0.88 0.78 0.9 0.86 1.15 0.87 0.85 1.00 0.87 0.87 0.86 Er 2.17 2.06 2.37 2.48 2.38 2.06 2.42 2.31 3.2 2.33 2.31 2.73 2.33 2.33 2.3 Tm 0.32 0.31 0.38 0.38 0.37 0.32 0.37 0.36 0.48 0.35 0.36 0.42 0.36 0.36 0.36 Yb 2.14 2.04 2.44 2.54 2.5 2.05 2.4 2.38 3.15 2.36 2.36 2.74 2.37 2.36 2.34 Lu 0.3 0.28 0.34 0.37 0.36 0.29 0.35 0.33 0.47 0.33 0.33 0.4 0.33 0.34 0.34 Y 19.3 17.9 20.4 21.6 20.6 18 21 20 31.6 20.4 20.3 24.4 20.7 20.9 20.5 Rb 22.6 27.9 17.8 24.2 19.0 22.8 16.9 25.7 47.6 43.1 48 41.5 43 38.9 40.8 Sr 384 400 419 474 372 372 443 559 543 586 559 950 571 693 488 Ba 340 325 368 379 271 280 279 500 558 506 515 550 511 514 537 U 0.36 0.54 1.18 1.36 0.87 0.56 1 1.23 1.67 1.28 1.33 1.02 1.3 0.98 1.16 Th 5.13 4.64 7.33 7.1 5.02 3.28 5.11 8.92 8.95 6.51 6.81 6.99 6.79 6.4 6.72 Nb 12.4 12.1 10.1 10.1 9.08 12 7.92 10.9 18.8 25.8 25.6 26.5 27.4 27 26.2 Ta 0.84 0.81 0.63 0.63 0.58 0.77 0.5 0.66 1.19 1.6 1.6 1.63 1.68 1.65 1.63 Zr 104 109 121 119 112 108 104 122 176 182 181 186 191 183 190 Hf 3.15 3.08 3.14 3.19 3.06 2.88 2.85 3.19 4.45 4.43 4.34 4.43 4.58 4.36 4.64 Ga 18.3 18.5 18 17.3 16.2 17.6 17.2 18 18.5 15 17.3 18 17.5 17.2 16 Sc 21.5 21.8 25 24 22.6 22.4 24.4 24 21.3 17.8 18.9 19.7 19.3 19.5 17.3 V 135 136 140 141 134 144 144 138 141 125 125 125 127 128 124 Cr 132 125 148 139 130 126 157 146 79.3 94 110 90.4 93.3 96.1 83.2 Co 35.4 34.8 36.4 36.2 38 35.2 37.5 33.8 22.5 25.2 24.5 24.1 25.1 26.1 27.2 Ni 105 101 97.8 95.4 89 89 105 95.8 26.7 83.3 81.6 84.3 87.2 86.2 94.7 Cu 54.9 42.1 42 43.1 35.8 40.5 55.2 68.7 21.5 28.8 32.1 30 29.3 31.2 29.8 样品号 ZD1 ZD2 ZD3 ZD4 LN1 LN2 BT1 BT2 BT3 MG1 MG2 MG3 MG4 MG5 采样地点 仗刀新寨(ZD1-ZD4) 勐外(烂泥箐） 扒炭西(BT1-BT3) 木瓜塘西(MG1-MG5) 岩石名称 黑云角闪玻基英安岩 辉石玄武质粗安岩 角闪英安岩 辉石角闪英安岩 橄辉玄武岩(BT1-BT3) 辉石英安岩(MG1-MG5) SiO2 65.02 66.5 57.28 54.14 64.5 66.24 50.53 50.32 49.93 67.02 65.38 64.99 64.46 64.74 TiO2 0.633 0.582 0.933 1.09 0.542 0.537 1.28 1.25 1.25 0.544 0.628 0.68 0.713 0.696 Al2O3 17.17 16.43 16.79 16.8 16.41 16.22 16.23 16.06 16.09 15.54 16.09 16.75 16.93 16.24 Fe2O3 2.85 2.56 2.41 2.51 0.35 2.68 2.96 3.64 2.93 1.39 1.44 3.07 3.03 2.68 FeO 1.29 1.24 4.13 5.3 3.25 1.1 6.8 6.14 6.84 2.24 2.67 1.36 1.54 1.78 MnO 0.069 0.064 0.12 0.149 0.07 0.042 0.159 0.181 0.154 0.074 0.077 0.071 0.063 0.073 MgO 1.55 1.18 4.63 5.66 1.6 1.19 7.31 7.48 7.55 1.58 1.89 0.892 1.1 1.57 CaO 2.17 2.51 6.78 7.54 4.57 4.04 7.46 7.4 7.35 4.01 4.71 3.94 3.28 4.17 Na2O 2.23 2.76 3.6 3.49 3.38 3.78 3.36 3.23 3.17 3.57 3.65 3.42 3.15 3.58 K2O 3.5 3.56 2.03 1.88 2.88 2.71 1.43 1.36 1.39 3.26 2.73 2.78 2.92 2.93 P2O3 0.144 0.167 0.308 0.334 0.182 0.187 0.293 0.274 0.287 0.203 0.224 0.241 0.268 0.278 LOI 3.08 2.13 0.322 0.276 1.72 0.972 1.19 1.8 1.93 0.15 0.031 1.44 2.16 0.86 Total 99.83 99.82 99.69 99.49 98.96 99.79 99.83 99.77 99.75 99.74 99.77 99.60 100.24 99.95 La 123 103 54.2 61.2 52 63.9 36.6 32.4 35.1 63.1 53.3 59.4 99.7 63.9 Ce 137 156 92.6 111 78.6 118 69.6 62.7 67.6 127 106 111 121 117 Pr 24.8 21.8 9.89 11.4 8.74 13 7.21 6.41 6.8 11.9 10.4 11.2 17.9 12.4 Nd 85.6 83.3 37.6 42.9 32.6 51.8 28.1 25.3 26.5 42.3 38 40.7 67.1 44.7 Sm 12.4 13 6.29 7.29 5.38 9.55 5.18 4.76 4.97 6.66 6.06 6.46 10.8 7.1 Eu 2.36 2.78 1.74 2.1 1.37 2.8 1.62 1.5 1.53 1.3 1.32 1.5 2.45 1.63 Gd 8.55 10.1 5.74 6.3 4.98 8.67 4.75 4.39 4.43 5.42 4.94 5.27 8.94 5.8 Tb 1.02 1.3 0.84 0.9 0.72 1.3 0.74 0.7 0.7 0.69 0.64 0.68 1.21 0.76 Dy 4.5 6.46 4.91 5.28 4.1 7.42 4.43 4.28 4.25 3.53 3.38 3.6 6.42 4.09 Ho 0.78 1.24 1.05 1.1 0.86 1.46 0.9 0.84 0.85 0.69 0.65 0.7 1.25 0.78 Er 2.03 3.29 2.96 2.98 2.39 3.84 2.36 2.25 2.24 1.92 1.78 1.89 3.26 2.1 Tm 0.27 0.48 0.45 0.46 0.36 0.6 0.36 0.34 0.34 0.28 0.27 0.28 0.47 0.32 Yb 1.71 2.96 2.96 3.04 2.38 3.88 2.42 2.27 2.27 1.94 1.81 1.88 3.04 2.13 Lu 0.22 0.41 0.43 0.43 0.36 0.54 0.34 0.32 0.32 0.27 0.26 0.27 0.44 Y 17.4 32.3 28.8 27.7 24.6 36.7 20.8 19.8 19.5 17.6 15.8 16.8 34.8 19 Rb 94.4 184 50.1 43.8 70.7 76.1 32.9 27.1 33.3 123 97.3 88.2 101 93.5 Sr 187 228 590 617 491 472 644 411 1650 422 493 496 369 467 Ba 746 772 581 602 638 684 428 449 475 747 664 737 920 783 U 3.12 3.26 1.76 1.76 1.91 1.91 1.11 0.75 0.87 2.78 2.36 2.34 2.68 2.2 Th 28.2 28.9 10.9 10.7 11.5 12 6.78 5.62 6.6 19 16.5 15 16.8 14.8 Nb 14 13.1 13.2 13.8 9.58 9.76 13.2 12.6 12.5 13 11.7 13 13.3 15.1 Ta 1.11 1.04 0.85 0.86 0.7 0.7 0.82 0.78 0.78 0.93 0.78 0.86 0.9 1.01 Zr 182 193 160 148 153 157 133 122 124 229 209 224 220 230 Hf 5.68 5.86 4.12 3.81 4.41 4.49 3.47 3.19 3.3 6.39 5.74 6.2 6.31 6.41 Ga 21.5 21.5 18.3 18.3 16.4 16.8 18 16.8 17.4 18.1 18.5 17 18.7 18 Sc 9.96 9.62 17.8 21.3 8.8 8.62 22.7 21.2 22.5 8.23 9.82 8.97 9.79 9.57 V 68.4 61.6 119 138 65.9 65.5 138 131 135 58.5 72.9 68.2 69 68.5 Cr 13.4 11.6 78 111 18.2 20 114 112 117 13.9 14.8 12.9 15.9 32.3 Co 7.49 6.47 20.4 26.7 7.58 5.82 34.3 37 33.5 6.66 7.86 7.56 6.62 8.05 Ni 7.16 4.49 54 64.5 11 9.74 87.1 93.7 86.9 4.7 5.67 4.46 4.72 8.52 注：样品由国土资源部中南矿产资源监督检测中心用化学分析法(SiO2-P2O5)和X荧光光谱法(La-Cu)测试分析；主量元素含量单位为%，稀土和微量元素含量为10-6。表中ZD1-ZD2、LN1-LN2、MG1-MG5据参考文献[4] 
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