Research on provenance using luminescence sensitivity of quartz grains: Progress and prospect
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摘要:
应用石英释光灵敏度进行物源研究是释光技术发展的新方向。回顾了石英释光灵敏度在测年研究中的发展现状，对其产生的机制、实验中的影响因素及其在测年中对灵敏度的监测、矫正等进行了介绍，详细介绍了空间尺度上不同沉积物（冰碛物、风成沉积物、水成沉积物）石英释光灵敏度的差异和时间序列上风成沉积物释光灵敏度的变化特征。据现有的研究成果分析，沉积历史和母岩来源对沉积物中石英的释光灵敏度的高低有重要的影响，因此可用它来追溯石英的物源。探讨该技术在物源研究领域存在的问题，对其发展前景进行了展望。
Abstract:The Thermoluminescence (TL) and Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) sensitivity of quartz grains is a new indicator to trace the provenance of deposits. Many achievements have been obtained. This paper focuses on the development of the luminescence sensitivity of quartz grains, describing the production mechanism, the influencing factors for TL and OSL sensitivity changes in the laboratory, and the ways to monitor and to correct the luminescence sensitivity changes. Then various luminescence sensitivity characteristics of quartz grains from different deposits (glacigenic sediments, eolian deposits, and aqueous sediments) in different regions are recounted in detail. Meanwhile, various temporal luminescence sensitivity characteristics are also described for the eolian deposits. The parent rock and sedimentary history play important roles in the quartz luminescence sensitivity in nature, and hence luminescence sensitivity of quartz grains can be used to infer the origin and provenance of deposits. The challenges and chances in applying such a technique in tracing are also analyzed.
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Keywords:
- luminescence /
- quartz /
- sensitivity /
- provenance /
- trace
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党的十九大报告指出，“要以‘一带一路’为重点，坚持引进来和走出去并重，遵循共商共建共享原则，加强创新能力开放合作，形成陆海内外联动、东西双向互济的开放格局”。在国家实施“一带一路”建设及拉美战略的契机下，提升中国在拉丁美洲地区地学领域的话语权，提高服务水平和质量，从粗放型服务向精准型服务转变，依靠科技创新解决全球重大资源环境问题和地球系统科学问题的能力，是新形势下对境外地质工作的新需求。因此，“两种资源、两个市场”、实施“走出去”是中国长期的资源战略任务，而拉丁美洲地区是中国实施“走出去”战略最重要的优选地区之一。
拉丁美洲是指从墨西哥起的西半球南部的整个地区，也就是地处北纬32°42′和南纬56°54′之间的大陆，东濒加勒比海和大西洋，与非洲大陆的最短距离约为2494.4km；西临太平洋；南隔德雷克海峡与南极洲相望；北界墨西哥与美国界河布拉沃河（即格兰德河），与美国为邻。拉丁美洲包括北美洲的墨西哥、中美洲和南美洲大陆，共有34个国家和地区，2008年人口约5.77亿，主要是印欧混血和黑白混血人种，其次为黑人、印第安人和白种人。由于本区都隶属拉丁语族，因此这些国家被称为拉丁美洲国家，这个地区被称为拉丁美洲。
早在20世纪20年代，澳大利亚学者安德鲁斯E就已指出统一的环太平洋成矿带的存在。40年代原苏联学者斯米尔诺夫C C将环太平洋成矿带划分为以铜为主的内带和以锡钨为主的外带，尔后西里托（1976）、米切尔（1976）、拉德科维奇（1983）均做出了巨大贡献，包括拉丁美洲在内的环太平洋地区的构造与矿产受到普遍重视，发表了大量的论文和专著。中国学者从西太平洋和东太平洋分析对比的角度出发做了许多研究，如张炳熹、李文达、裴荣富、戚建中、陆志刚、陶奎元等。近年来，随着境外地质矿产工作的开展，年轻一代的学者又做了许多有益的工作。特别是中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心境外地质室，他们的工作成果正陆续推向社会。《拉丁美洲地区重要矿产成矿规律研究》专辑的发表正是其集中体现。
该专辑系国内首次总结拉丁美洲地区的成矿地质条件，划分成矿区带，研究成矿系列，将对该地区进一步规划和开发起到指导作用。其主要特色在于：
（1）全面清晰地讨论了拉丁美洲地区重要成矿带的区域地质背景和成矿地质环境，通过对代表性的成矿带、成矿作用和典型矿床的研究，以点带面地阐明了拉丁美洲地区的优势矿产资源。
（2）利用大量的第一手资料，涉及原创、方法及技术，进行系统性、集成性、综合性分析整理，为拉丁美洲地区优势矿产资源成矿规律研究的真实性、准确性提供了依据，并能够使读者顺藤摸瓜，进一步查找所需资料。
（3）文章涵盖面广泛，论文编写单位以中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心为主，中国地质调查局发展研究中心、中国地质科学院地质研究所、吉林大学地球科学学院、福州大学紫金学院，以及秘鲁地质矿产冶金研究院、中国中资企业等多家单位参与；从学科领域看，从典型矿床解剖、重要成矿带成矿规律到投资环境均有涉及，并进行了国际、国内的对比研究，提升了文章的学术水平。可以服务不同层面，满足不同层次的需求。
总之，加强境外地质矿产研究工作十分重要，不仅要收集境外地质矿产资料，开展实地考察，更要加强综合研究，使境外地质矿产编图、成矿区带划分、成矿规律总结等得到深化，才能集成为有影响的大成果。《拉丁美洲地区重要矿产成矿规律研究》专辑的出版，为进一步开展境外地质成矿规律综合研究提供了有借鉴意义的工作思路、方法和实例。
在此，我热诚祝贺这一系列研究成果的取得，并向具有创新意识和国际化视野的地学人才、为境外地质矿床研究作出贡献的专家学者们表示由衷的祝贺!
致谢: 本次研究得到香港大学李盛华教授和中国地质大学（武汉）赖忠平研究员的悉心指导，在此一并表示感谢。 -
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图 1 空穴“o”在释光中心（L）和非释光中心（K）的分布模型[31]
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of possible distribution of trapped holes (o) between luminescence centers L, and nonluminescence centers K
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图 2 石英的OSL灵敏度变化机制模型[32]（1~3代表不同能级的陷阱，4代表释光中心，5代表非释光中心）
Figure 2. The schematic band model used to explain the OSL sensitivity change
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图 3 OSL和110℃ TL灵敏度变化模型（“·”代表电子，“o”代表空穴, T代表电子陷阱，R代表不同能量的空穴陷阱[29]）
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of multiple levels of R traps applied
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