Geochemical characteristics, chronology and geological significance of the dacite in the Mazhala deposit, southern Tibet
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摘要:
马扎拉金（锑）矿位于西藏北喜马拉雅金锑铅锌多金属成矿带，是扎西康整装勘查区发现的最早并最具代表性的金矿。对马扎拉矿区广泛出露的英安岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究。全岩主量和微量元素地球化学特征显示，英安岩具有富硅（SiO2=66.86%~71.84%）、低碱（Na2O+K2O=3.79%~4.60%）、低Mg（MgO=0.50%~0.94%）、强过铝质（A/CNK=1.55~2.23）的特征，强烈富集Rb、U等大离子亲石元素（LILEs），相对亏损Ta、Ti、Zr等高场强元素（HFSEs）；稀土元素总量较高（ΣREE=283.74×10-6~380.04×10-6），轻稀土元素富集，且轻、重稀土元素分馏明显（LREE/HREE=10.57~15.22），中等负Eu异常（δEu=0.39~0.48），无明显Ce异常。英安岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年获得206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为138.2±1.6Ma，表明马扎拉矿区英安岩形成于早白垩世。结合区域地质资料，初步认为马扎拉矿区英安岩形成于被动大陆边缘构造环境，可能是Comei-Bunury大火成岩省形成早期的产物。
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关键词:
- 马扎拉 /
- 英安岩 /
- LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年 /
- 地球化学 /
- 藏南
Abstract:Located in Northern Himalaya metallogenic belt, the Mazhala deposit is the most representative gold deposit in the Zhaxikang integrated exploration area. In this study, the authors carried out comprehensive researches including petrochemistry and zircon U-Pb dating analysis of the dacite in the Mazhala deposit, Comei County, southern Tibet. Chemical analyses show that the dacite is characterized by high Si (SiO2=66.86%~71.84%), low alkali (Na2O+K2O=3.79%~4.60%), low Mg (MgO=0.50%~0.94%), strong peraluminous nature (A/CNK=1.55~2.23), enrichment of LILE such as Rb, U and depletion of HFSE such as Ta, Ti and Zr. The rocks also exhibit high total REE content (ΣREE=295.71×10-6~343.82×10-6), enrichment of LREE and obvious differentiation (LREE/HREE=10.5~15.22), with moderately negative Eu anomalies (δEu=0.39~0.48) and no cerium anomaly. LA-ICP-MS zircon UPb chronology indicates that the Mazhala dacite was emplaced at 138.2±1.6Ma, being the product of the Early Cretaceous magmatic activity. According to regional geology and related data, it is considered that the dacite was formed on the Himalayan passive continental margin and may be a part of Comei-Bunbury large igneous province.
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Keywords:
- Mazhala deposit /
- dacite /
- LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating /
- geochemistry /
- southern Tibet
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致谢: 野外工作和室内工作中得到成都地质调查中心张林奎、黄勇高级工程师及曹华文博士的大力支持，再此一并表示诚挚的感谢。
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图 1 西藏措美马扎拉矿床大地构造位置（a，据参考文献[17]修改）和马扎拉矿区地质图及采样位置(b)
Figure 1. Tectonic location(a)and geological map (b) of the Mazhala deposit, southern Tibet
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图 2 马扎拉矿区样品（MZL01）阴极发光(CL)照片及分析点位置
Figure 2. Cathodoluminescence (CL) images of zircons taken from the sample (MZL01) of the Mazhala deposit
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图 3 马扎拉矿区英安岩样品LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb谐和图及206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值直方图
Figure 3. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb concordia diagram and histogram of zircons from rock samples in the Mazhala deposit
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表 1 马扎拉矿区英安岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb分析结果
Table 1 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb data for dacite in the Mazhala deposit
样品号 Th/10-6 U/10-6 Pb/10-6 Th/U 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 238U/232Th 206Pb/238U
年龄/Ma1σ 207Pb/235U
年龄/Ma1σ 207Pb/206Pb
年龄/Ma1σ MZL01-01 77.53 123.54 3.09 0.63 0.02174 0.00041 0.1458 0.0168 0.04862 0.00567 1.59 139 3 138 15 130 221 MZL01-02 73.76 98.69 2.59 0.75 0.02200 0.00051 0.1480 0.0219 0.04878 0.00727 1.34 140 3 140 19 137 264 MZL01-03 159.44 187.46 4.91 0.85 0.02184 0.00040 0.1468 0.0133 0.04875 0.00448 1.16 139 3 139 12 136 169 MZL01-04 63.11 115.69 2.82 0.55 0.02168 0.00045 0.1463 0.0186 0.04892 0.00628 1.83 138 3 139 17 144 241 MZL01-05 66.2 155.52 3.72 0.43 0.02182 0.00042 0.1468 0.0192 0.04880 0.00641 2.35 139 3 139 17 138 245 MZL01-06 78.47 115.02 2.89 0.68 0.02138 0.00045 0.1437 0.0181 0.04872 0.00619 1.47 136 3 136 16 134 237 MZL01-07 104.68 116.91 3.06 0.90 0.02151 0.00049 0.1446 0.0274 0.04874 0.00930 1.12 137 3 137 24 135 314 MZL01-08 81.28 126.9 3.19 0.64 0.02178 0.00048 0.1464 0.0212 0.04873 0.00711 1.56 139 3 139 19 135 260 MZL01-09 65.81 140.41 3.37 0.47 0.02168 0.00049 0.1459 0.0189 0.04881 0.00639 2.13 138 3 138 17 139 242 MZL01-10 55.38 154.73 3.52 0.36 0.02141 0.00046 0.1439 0.0200 0.04874 0.00683 2.79 137 3 137 18 135 254 MZL01-11 84.5 232.78 5.33 0.36 0.02162 0.00035 0.1453 0.0086 0.04872 0.00294 2.75 138 2 138 8 134 104 MZL01-12 75.04 128.24 3.17 0.59 0.02203 0.00043 0.1491 0.0184 0.04909 0.00610 1.71 140 3 141 16 152 238 MZL01-13 55.47 78.7 2.02 0.70 0.02145 0.00058 0.1446 0.0222 0.04888 0.00759 1.42 137 4 137 20 142 267 
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表 2 马扎拉矿区英安岩主量元素分析数据及相关系数
Table 2 Major element composition and parameters for the dacite in the Mazhala deposit
编号 MZL 02 MZL 03 MZL 04 MZL 05 MZL 06 MZL 07 MZL 08 SiO2 71.84 70.04 66.86 71.55 71.64 69.48 67.84 Al2O3 12.2 12.89 12.71 12.37 12.56 12.84 13.76 Fe2O3 1.22 1.78 2.17 3.16 1.09 1.04 0.99 FeO 2.93 2.88 2.79 0.57 3.13 2.68 3.94 CaO 2.18 2.23 3.98 2.71 1.96 3.21 2.37 MgO 0.58 0.68 0.66 0.5 0.64 0.58 0.94 K2O 1.58 1.48 1.86 1.79 1.56 2.12 2.5 Na2O 2.85 3.12 2.36 2.51 2.88 2.06 1.29 TiO2 0.76 0.81 0.79 0.78 0.74 0.8 0.86 P2O5 0.28 0.26 0.28 0.29 0.28 0.29 0.32 MnO 0.044 0.064 0.1 0.061 0.054 0.06 0.047 烧失量 3.34 3.38 5.05 3.55 2.96 4.44 4.61 总量 99.80 99.61 99.61 99.84 99.49 99.6 99.47 Q 44.59 41.55 38.37 45.69 44.4 43.25 45.2 An 9.32 9.73 18.95 12.01 8.18 14.74 10.19 Ab 25 27.43 21.12 22.09 25.24 18.32 11.51 Or 9.68 9.09 11.62 11 9.55 13.17 15.58 C 2.6 2.83 0.26 2.15 3.36 2.12 5.68 Hy 4.81 4.46 4.08 2.3 5.51 4.52 7.83 Tl 1.5 1.6 1.59 1.54 1.46 1.6 1.72 Mt 1.83 2.68 3.33 2.51 1.64 1.58 1.51 Ap 0.67 0.63 0.69 0.7 0.67 0.71 0.78 TFeO 4.03 4.48 4.74 3.41 4.11 3.62 4.83 Mg# 20.43 21.29 19.88 20.70 21.72 22.24 25.75 AR 1.89 1.87 1.68 1.8 1.88 1.69 1.38 DI 79.27 78.07 71.11 78.78 79.19 74.74 72.29 A/CNK 1.18 1.20 0.97 1.13 1.26 1.11 1.51 A/NK 1.91 1.91 2.16 2.04 1.95 2.26 2.85 注：Q—石英；An—钙长石；Ab—钠长石；Or—钾长石；C—刚玉；Hy—紫苏辉石；Tl—钛铁矿；Mt—磁铁矿；Ap—磷灰石；TFeO=FeO+0.8998 × Fe2O3；Mg#=molar MgO/(MgO+TFeO)；A/CNK=n(Al2O3)/[n(CaO)+n(Na2O)+n(K2O)]；A/NK=n (Al2O3)/[n(Na2O)+n(K2O)]；AR—莱特碱度率；DI—分异系数；主量元素含量单位为%
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表 3 马扎拉矿区英安岩微量及稀土元素分析数据及相关参数
Table 3 Trace and rare earth element composition and parameters for dacite in the Mazhala deposit
编号 MZL02 MZL03 MZL04 MZL05 MZL06 MZL07 MZL08 La 57.9 58.5 76.4 74.8 57.3 74.6 77.7 Ce 141 148 156 164 140 168 168 Pr 13.6 12.4 18.2 17 12.5 17.1 18.6 Nd 49.7 44 67.1 62.2 45.2 62.7 69 Sm 9.79 8.05 13.5 12.6 8.54 12.2 14.1 Eu 1.29 1.02 1.92 1.71 1.1 1.72 1.83 Gd 8.43 7.49 10.3 10.1 7.34 9.72 10.7 Tb 1.12 0.89 1.53 1.41 0.95 1.34 1.61 Dy 5.02 3.8 7.61 6.66 4.35 6.14 7.66 Ho 0.99 0.74 1.56 1.3 0.86 1.2 1.5 Er 2.73 2.08 4.4 3.6 2.36 3.24 4.02 Tm 0.47 0.36 0.78 0.62 0.41 0.56 0.68 Yb 2.9 2.21 4.73 3.76 2.5 3.48 4.1 Y 29.2 21.1 42.8 38.2 23.7 35.6 40.2 Lu 0.39 0.3 0.61 0.49 0.33 0.47 0.54 Ba 215 204 258 259 193 340 485 Sc 6.9 6.42 11.1 8.72 6.58 8.23 9.96 V 42.5 43.5 41.5 39.7 41.4 45.2 48.5 Cr 18.4 19.5 15.4 17.8 16.8 19.3 20.7 Co 7.88 8.06 7.57 6.54 7.41 7.66 7.17 Ni 10.8 9.31 9.23 8.15 9.35 8.53 11.1 Ga 24.4 24.9 25.8 23.2 23.1 24.9 27.4 Rb 73.3 73.7 80.3 78.9 76.6 88.9 99.1 Sr 70.4 65.9 134 90.9 53.3 92.3 122 U 3.85 4.11 3.98 3.96 3.93 4.52 4.45 Th 28 27.5 34.8 33 27.9 34.2 36.9 Nb 12.2 12.6 22.5 2.83 16 5.8 10.5 Ta 0.15 0.16 1.85 0.081 0.39 0.2 0.45 Zr 228 241 220 202 208 250 265 Hf 6.08 6.43 6.25 5.43 5.76 6.78 7.17 Cs 22.5 26.8 20 23.2 23.9 40.6 8.09 ∑REE 295.33 289.84 364.64 360.25 283.74 362.47 380.04 LREE 273.28 271.97 333.12 332.31 264.64 336.32 349.23 HREE 22.05 17.87 31.52 27.94 19.10 26.15 30.81 LREE/HREE 12.39 15.22 10.57 11.89 13.86 12.86 11.33 (La/Yb)N 14.32 18.99 11.59 14.27 16.44 15.38 13.59 δEu 0.42 0.39 0.48 0.45 0.41 0.47 0.44 δCe 1.19 1.28 0.99 1.08 1.23 1.11 1.05 注：δEu=2×ω(Eu)N/[w(Sm)N+w(Gd)N]；δCe=2×CeN/(LaN+PrN)；微量、稀土元素含量单位为10-6
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