Petrological and petrochemical characteristics and geological significance of Yueyashan ophiolite
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摘要:
内蒙古月牙山蛇绿岩分布于红柳河-洗肠井蛇绿岩带东部的月牙山一带，出露较完整，自下而上由超基性杂岩、辉长岩、层状玄武岩和枕状玄武岩及放射虫硅质岩组成。岩石学、岩石化学、地球化学资料显示，蛇绿岩套中的主要单元均源于幔源，接近于现代洋壳蛇绿岩特征。与蛇绿岩单元伴生的斜长花岗岩属于幔源型大洋斜长花岗岩，且为蛇绿岩组成的一部分；辉长岩、玄武岩均形成于正常洋中脊（N-MORB）环境。
Abstract:Yueyashan ophiolite is located in the Hongliuhe-Xichangjing ophiolite belt in the eastern part of Yueyashan area. Yueyashan ophiolite suite is exposed fairly completely, consisting in upward succession of ultrabasic complex, gabbro, layered basalt and pillow basalt as well as radiolarian siliceous rocks. Petrological, petrochemical and geochemical data show that the main unit in the ophiolite suite originated from mantle source and it is very similar to the modern oceanic crust ophiolite. The plagioclase granite associated with ophiolite unit belongs to mantle type oceanic plagioclase granite; in addition, it is a part of the ophiolite. Gabbro and basalt were both formed in a normal mid-ocean ridge (N-MORB) environment.
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Keywords:
- ophiolite /
- plagioclase granite /
- petrological /
- petrochemistry /
- geochemical
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致谢: 内蒙古1:5万1524.6高地、二龙包西、高地、炮台山西幅区域地质矿产调查项目组为本文提供了丰富详实的第一手野外资料，在此一并致谢。
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图 1 北山地区构造格架简图[2]（a）和研究区地质简图（b）
Ⅰ—红石山-百合山-蓬勃山带；Ⅱ—芨芨台子-小黄山带；Ⅲ—红柳河-牛圈子-洗肠井带；Ⅳ—辉铜山-帐房山带；1—新元古界；2—古元古代北山岩群；3—石炭纪花岗岩；4—志留纪花岗岩；5—寒武纪斜长花岗岩；6—寒武纪辉长闪长岩；7—寒武纪辉长岩；8—蛇绿岩；9—断层；10—推测断层；11—地质界线；Q-N—第四纪-新近纪；S2-3g—中上志留统公婆泉组；O3x—上奥陶统锡林克博组；O1l—下奥陶统罗雅楚山组；∈-O1x—寒武系-下奥陶统西双鹰山组；∈1β—下寒武统玄武岩
Figure 1. Tectonic framework sketch map of the Beishan area (a) and geological sketch map of the study area (b)
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图 2 火成岩TAS图解[9]
1—橄榄辉长岩；2a—碱性辉长岩；2b—亚碱性辉长岩；3—辉长闪长岩；6—花岗岩。B—玄武岩；O1—玄武安山岩；O2—安山岩；O3—英安岩；S1—粗面玄武岩；S2—玄武粗安岩
Figure 2. TAS diagram of igneous rocks
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图 3 辉长岩（a）和玄武岩（b）TiO2-FeO/MgO图解
Figure 3. FeO/MgO-TiO2 diagrams of gabbro (a) and basalt (b)
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图 5 稀土元素标准化模式图（球粒陨石标准值据参考文献[13]）
a—橄榄岩；b—辉长岩；c—玄武岩；d—斜长花岗岩；
Figure 5. Chondrite-normalized REE pattern
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图 6 微量元素蛛网图（原始地幔标准值据参考文献[19]）
a—橄榄岩；b—辉长岩；c—玄武岩；d—斜长花岗岩；
Figure 6. Spider diagrams of trace elements
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图 7 Ti/100-Zr-3Y和Nb×2-Zr/4-Y图解[21]
图a、b： A、B—岛弧拉斑玄武岩；B、C—岛弧钙碱性玄武岩；D—板内玄武岩；图c、d： AⅠ—板内碱性玄武岩；AⅡ—板内碱性玄武岩和板内拉斑玄武岩；B—富集洋中脊玄武岩；C—板内拉斑玄武岩和火山弧玄武岩；D—正常洋中脊玄武岩和火山弧玄武岩
Figure 7. Ti/100-Zr-3Y diagram and Nb×2-Zr/4-Y diagram
表 1 月牙山蛇绿岩主量元素分析结果
Table 1 Petrochemical analyses of Yueyashan ophiolite
样号 岩石名称 SiO2 TiO2 AI2O3 Fe2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 Mg# P1YQ5 斜长花岗岩 76.88 0.1 13.66 0.03 0.95 0.03 0.51 1.69 6.06 0.05 0.03 P2YQ4 77.67 0.09 13.55 0.08 0.69 0.04 0.39 1.23 5.96 0.26 0.04 P2YQ8 75.62 0.11 14.47 0.21 0.24 0.02 0.9 1.42 6.5 0.48 0.03 P8YQ6 73.57 0.29 13.43 1.6 1.72 0.07 1.67 0.99 6.33 0.28 0.06 P11YQ1 75.99 0.23 12.71 1.72 1.22 0.07 0.69 0.88 6.27 0.16 0.05 YQ40 辉长岩 52.37 0.5 16.23 2.99 5.94 0.16 8.86 8.88 2.69 1.34 0.04 72.7 YQ41 52.13 0.51 15.68 3.08 7.12 0.19 8.1 9.21 2.99 0.94 0.06 66.9 P1YQ3 51.7 0.3 19.28 1.68 5.42 0.15 9.6 6.95 2.21 2.69 0.02 76.09 P12YQ1 50.51 0.56 15.35 2.44 7.07 0.16 9.65 12.05 1.8 0.34 0.06 70.86 P12YQ2 50.77 0.43 20.94 1.82 4.41 0.13 6.75 11.83 2.7 0.21 0.03 73.18 P12YQ9 51.09 0.34 17.35 2.05 6.34 0.15 9.34 10.03 2.72 0.58 0.02 72.49 P2YQ20 玄武岩 50.34 0.95 15.88 5.01 6.85 0.15 9.11 7.17 3.36 1.05 0.12 70.31 P8YQ8 52.78 0.75 13.39 3.12 7.67 0.18 8.04 9.23 4.66 0.1 0.06 65.19 P8YQ9 50.45 0.89 13.81 3.34 8.43 0.19 8.15 11.1 3.44 0.15 0.06 63.31 P12YQ6 53.39 0.65 14.74 1.86 6.83 0.23 9.57 9.98 2.53 0.15 0.06 71.52 P12YQ11 53.18 0.9 16.6 3.67 6.68 0.14 7.77 7.34 3.03 0.56 0.13 67.28 YQ43 51.66 1.3 15.59 4.51 7.04 0.15 5.79 9.2 4.07 0.6 0.1 59.39 P1YQ4 蛇纹石化橄榄岩 47.81 0.06 1.84 6.93 4.66 0.08 33.9 4.63 0.05 0.02 0.01 92.83 P1YQ8 43.48 0.06 7.14 4.1 5.2 0.16 34.91 4.85 0.08 0.01 0.01 92.3 P1YQ12 43.84 0.05 4.43 6.21 3.69 0.31 40.18 1.14 0.14 0.01 0.01 95.07 P2YQ5 49.35 0.1 1.8 4.77 3.03 0.13 28.89 11.78 0.13 0.01 0.01 94.44 P1YQ10 辉石岩、蚀变辉石岩 40.86 0.13 16.49 1.58 4.96 0.18 12.06 23.53 0.2 0.01 0.01 81.32 P1YQ11 39.18 0.22 18.04 1.61 6.05 0.15 12.68 21.86 0.17 0.01 0.01 78.93 P2YQ3 44.01 0.16 14.9 1.5 4.19 0.17 13.58 21.23 0.24 0.01 0.01 85.22 P2YQ11 50.6 0.08 1.68 3.31 2.19 0.17 23.84 17.97 0.14 0.01 0.01 95 P2YQ16 47.46 0.27 17.46 1.67 4.33 0.12 9.84 18.23 0.57 0.03 0.01 80.27 P1YQ14 48.25 0.2 15.59 0.59 4.75 0.15 12.9 17.05 0.47 0.03 0.01 98.52 
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表 2 月牙山蛇绿岩套各单元岩石稀土元素分析结果及主要参数
Table 2 REE analytical results and main parameters of Yueyashan ophiolite units
10-6 样号 岩石名称 La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Y 特征参数 SREE LREE HREE LREE/HREE (La/Yb)N (La/Sm)N (Gd/Yb)N δCe δEu P1XT5 斜长花岗岩 10.32 20.37 2.35 8.71 1.19 0.73 0.95 0.1 0.42 0.07 0.2 0.03 0.16 0.02 1.81 47.43 43.67 1.95 22.39 43.23 5.46 4.77 0.96 2.03 P2XT4 5.87 11.2 1.31 4.77 0.68 0.53 0.62 0.08 0.43 0.09 0.27 0.05 0.32 0.05 2.41 28.68 24.36 1.91 12.75 12.38 5.43 1.56 0.93 2.45 P2XT8 1.18 2.38 0.28 1.05 0.18 0.27 0.19 0.03 0.19 0.04 0.13 0.02 0.14 0.02 1.1 7.20 5.34 0.76 7.03 5.69 4.14 1.09 0.97 4.45 P8XT6 6.16 14.01 2.08 8.92 2.16 0.51 2.06 0.4 2.83 0.61 1.85 0.34 2.11 0.35 15.42 59.81 33.84 10.55 3.21 1.97 1.79 0.79 0.94 0.73 P11XT1 4.98 12.91 1.77 7.55 1.72 0.47 1.64 0.3 1.98 0.41 1.27 0.23 1.49 0.22 10.03 46.97 29.40 7.54 3.90 2.25 1.82 0.89 1.05 0.84 XT40 辉长岩 1.84 4.97 0.86 3.82 1.32 0.56 1.38 0.3 2.03 0.42 1.23 0.22 1.41 0.21 10.88 31.45 13.37 7.20 1.86 0.88 0.88 0.79 0.95 1.26 XT41 2.14 6 1.12 4.95 1.9 0.71 2.13 0.46 3.16 0.67 1.97 0.35 2.09 0.31 16.63 44.59 16.82 11.14 1.51 0.69 0.71 0.82 0.92 1.08 P1XT3 0.89 2.48 0.39 2.02 0.69 0.38 0.78 0.17 1.27 0.27 0.76 0.13 0.81 0.12 6.08 17.24 6.85 4.31 1.59 0.74 0.81 0.78 1.01 1.58 P12XT1 1.35 3.69 0.63 3.53 1.26 0.6 1.44 0.33 2.43 0.5 1.44 0.25 1.51 0.21 11.75 30.92 11.06 8.11 1.36 0.60 0.67 0.77 0.96 1.36 P12XT2 0.81 2.23 0.35 1.91 0.67 0.35 0.77 0.17 1.32 0.27 0.8 0.14 0.88 0.12 6.34 17.13 6.32 4.47 1.41 0.62 0.76 0.71 1.01 1.49 P12XT9 1.31 3.55 0.53 2.71 0.87 0.42 0.99 0.22 1.61 0.35 1.04 0.18 1.14 0.18 8.01 23.11 9.39 5.71 1.64 0.78 0.95 0.70 1.02 1.38 P2XT20 玄武岩 1.97 6.24 1.38 7.76 2.81 1.01 3.72 0.77 5.34 1.1 3.3 0.52 3.18 0.43 29.47 69.00 21.17 18.36 1.15 0.42 0.44 0.94 0.87 0.96 P8XT8 3.06 7.61 1.16 5.71 1.73 0.7 2.03 0.45 3.33 0.69 2.06 0.36 2.27 0.35 16.8 48.31 19.97 11.54 1.73 0.91 1.11 0.72 0.97 1.14 P8XT9 3.49 8.92 1.41 6.97 2.18 0.88 2.48 0.56 4.06 0.88 2.54 0.43 2.58 0.42 20.39 58.19 23.85 13.95 1.71 0.91 1.01 0.78 0.97 1.15 P12XT6 2.37 6.15 0.99 5.14 1.62 0.69 1.76 0.38 2.84 0.6 1.71 0.3 1.73 0.25 13.74 40.27 16.96 9.57 1.77 0.92 0.92 0.82 0.97 1.24 P12XT11 3.3 8.35 1.57 9.07 3.11 1.09 3.85 0.79 5.14 1.09 3.19 0.48 3.15 0.45 29.52 74.15 26.49 18.14 1.46 0.71 0.67 0.99 0.88 0.96 XT43 2.22 6.6 1.43 7.08 2.88 1.1 3.41 0.77 5.37 1.1 3.04 0.52 2.92 0.43 27.58 66.45 21.31 17.56 1.21 0.51 0.48 0.94 0.87 1.07 P1XT4 蛇纹石化橄榄岩 0.15 0.47 0.06 0.28 0.08 0.05 0.1 0.02 0.17 0.03 0.13 0.02 0.14 0.02 0.81 2.53 1.09 0.63 1.73 0.72 1.17 0.58 1.20 1.70 P1XT13 0.07 0.24 0.02 0.09 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.06 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.31 P1XT8 0.13 0.41 0.05 0.31 0.12 0.07 0.13 0.03 0.25 0.05 0.17 0.02 0.15 0.02 1.15 3.06 1.09 0.82 1.33 0.58 0.68 0.69 1.23 1.70 P1XT12 0.08 0.3 0.04 0.18 0.08 0.07 0.12 0.02 0.21 0.04 0.15 0.02 0.17 0.02 1.08 2.58 0.75 0.75 1.00 0.32 0.63 0.57 1.25 2.18 P2XT5 0.18 0.56 0.08 0.48 0.21 0.16 0.3 0.07 0.54 0.12 0.33 0.05 0.32 0.04 2.56 6.00 1.67 1.77 0.94 0.38 0.54 0.76 1.11 1.95
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表 3 月牙山蛇绿岩套各单元岩石微量元素分析结果
Table 3 Trace element analytical results of Yueyashan ophiolite units
10-6 样号 岩石名称 Cs Rb Sr Ba Nb Ta Zr Hf Th V Cr Co Ni U P1WL5 斜长花岗岩 0.11 0.5 180.7 44.2 0.9 0.08 20.9 1.73 0.61 9.2 4.2 1.2 2.5 0.10 P2WL4 0.24 2.7 190 71 1.06 0.12 59.5 2.68 0.36 8.2 6.9 1 2.9 0.10 P2WL8 0.86 4.9 368.9 78.1 0.7 0.08 50.1 1.64 0.08 8.2 9.2 1 2.9 0.08 P8WL6 0.24 1.8 67.8 29.4 1.5 0.13 88.9 3.45 1.31 53.6 6.7 7.7 2.7 0.42 P11WL1 1.87 2.7 65.1 48.2 1.22 0.08 94.6 5.12 0.92 38.9 11.5 5 2.1 0.68 WL40 辉长岩 1.37 11.7 184 140.4 0.9 0.11 27.4 0.96 0.2 209.6 61.1 42.2 41.1 0.22 WL41 0.71 9.2 244.6 218 0.98 0.09 42.9 1.68 0.22 200.5 26.4 52.1 23.2 0.34 P1WL3 3.04 21 224.7 301.5 0.25 0.04 15.4 0.48 0.14 127.7 100.1 38.5 79.1 0.11 P12WL1 0.49 5.9 160.9 46.5 0.58 0.07 21.1 0.84 0.21 265.3 71.4 46.8 69.1 0.16 P12WL2 0.85 2.8 182.6 87.6 0.58 0.12 28.9 1.1 0.12 146.3 37.8 33.4 40.1 0.08 P12WL9 1.02 5.9 184.2 92.1 0.29 0.05 32.9 1.14 0.28 254.5 121.5 35.2 76.2 0.11 P2WL20 玄武岩 0.88 10.9 93.9 90.8 0.93 0.3 45.7 1.64 0.12 223.5 430.4 40.9 116.2 0.19 P8WL8 0.12 1 81.1 17.4 2.66 0.2 59 1.68 0.35 231.6 271.5 41.2 83.7 0.20 P8WL9 0.07 1.5 138.4 27.1 2.87 0.19 51.4 1.52 0.35 271.6 262.9 42.7 87.2 0.14 P12WL6 0.23 1.7 118.9 34.1 1.17 0.09 39.6 1.5 0.24 188 423.3 38.7 126.7 0.15 P12WL11 0.55 8.9 77.1 122.9 1.82 0.83 46.8 1.83 0.15 207.4 444.5 38.5 110.7 0.22 WL43 8.73 12.3 121 110 1.71 0.15 74.9 3.63 0.13 273.9 311 31.4 69.2 0.13 P1WL4 蛇纹石化橄榄岩 0.22 0.2 28.5 3.9 0.06 0.02 19.5 0.57 0.03 32.7 2500 69.7 1352 0.32 P1WL8 0.8 0.2 14.1 3.5 0.04 0.01 15.4 0.5 0.03 39.4 1767 83.2 1035 0.05 P1WL12 1.54 0.5 8.4 5.2 0.09 0.02 19.7 0.77 0.09 42.6 1631 85.8 1304 2.57 P2WL5 0.51 0.2 23.3 2.5 0.06 0.02 21.6 0.92 0.03 94.6 2258 65.8 479.5 0.17
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