The exhumation and uplift of the southern Shigu complex since Early Cretaceous evidenced by zircon and apatite fission track
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摘要:
石鼓杂岩位于青藏高原东南缘经历了多期变质变形作用叠加。为了揭示杂岩体的低温热演化与浅部剥露历史,采集了石鼓杂岩南段石鼓镇-拉巴支村剖面变质岩中的锆石和磷灰石,开展裂变径迹分析。结果表明,石鼓杂岩从早白垩世(133~145Ma)到渐新世(31Ma)经历了一次缓慢的剥露(1.08℃/Ma),而从渐新世开始,其南部经历了较快速的剥露过程(3.23℃/Ma)。磷灰石热史模拟也反映出第二阶段较为快速的冷却过程。结合区域构造分析认为,拉萨与羌塘板块碰撞的远程效应影响早白垩世以来藏东地区地壳结构的调整,导致石鼓杂岩南部出现了第一阶段的剥露作用;而印度与欧亚板块碰撞与后碰撞过程对于石鼓杂岩的新生代剥露具有重要影响。
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关键词:
- 藏东地区 /
- 石鼓杂岩 /
- 裂变径迹 /
- 早白垩世与渐新世剥露 /
- 板块作用
Abstract:The Shigu complex lies on the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,and is mainly distributed in Shigu and Zhongdian areas. The complex has experienced polyphase superposition of metamorphism and deformation. In order to reveal the low temperature thermal evolution and exhumation history at the shallow crustal level of the complex and correctly understand the exhumation and tectonic evolution of the metamorphic dome in eastern Tibet,the authors collected zircon and apatite fission track samples for the fission track analysis along the Shigu Town-Labazhi section. The analytical results show that the Shigu complex firstly experienced a slow cooling and exhumation from Early Cretaceous (133~145Ma) to Oligocene (31Ma),and a relatively rapid cooling process started from Oligocene. Time-temperature history simulated by inverse modeling of apatite fission track also reflects a relatively rapid cooling process at the second stage. From regional structural analysis,it is suggested that the far-field effects of the collision between the Lhasa and Qiangtang plates may have strongly affected the Early Cretaceous exhumation of the complex. Furthermore,the Indian-Eurasian collision and post-collisional effects had profound effects on the Cenozoic exhumation of the complex.
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锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹实验分析得到中国地质大学（北京）袁万明教授和冯云磊博士的帮助，同时审稿人提出了宝贵的意见和建议，在此一并表示感谢。
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图 1 石鼓杂岩地质图及采样位置图（a）和区域构造简图（b）（据参考文献[15]修改）
1—第四系；2—古近系；3—新元古界塔城岩组；4—新元古界陇巴岩组；5—古元古界露西岩组；6—古元古界羊坡岩组；7—古近纪花岗斑岩；8—古近纪正长斑岩；9—地质界线；10—断层；11—角度不整合界线。Ⅰ—扬子陆块；Ⅱ1-2—甘孜-理塘蛇绿混杂岩带及义敦岛弧；Ⅱ3—咱-中甸地块；Ⅲ1—维西陆缘弧带；Ⅲ2—点苍山-雪龙山结晶基底断块；Ⅳ—兰坪-思茅双向弧后-陆内盆地；①—红河-洱海-箐河断裂；②—点苍山-罗平山断裂；③—维西-乔后断裂
Figure 1. Geological map showing fission track sample locations (a) and tectonic sketch map (b) in Shigu complex
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图 2 单颗粒年龄分布直方图（左下）、频率曲线（左上）及单颗粒年龄雷达图（右）
Figure 2. Histogram, frequency curve and radial plot of the single grain ages
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图 4 单颗粒年龄分布直方图（a）及雷达图（b）
Figure 4. The age resolve in a mixed distribution of sample Sg1301 using the Binomfit software, the histogram (left) and radial plot (right) of single grain ages
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图 6 样品Sg1304 低温阶段的冷却路径
Figure 6. The cooling path of Sg1304 during the low temperature period
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图 7 采样地形剖面（a）及沿剖面裂变径迹年龄分布图（b）（剖面位置见图 1）
Figure 7. Topographic profile (a) and the distribution of fission track ages along the section
表 1 锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹分析结果
Table 1 The analytical results of zircon and apatite fission track
样品号 矿物（粒数） ρs /(105· cm-2)（Ns） ρi/ (105· cm-2)（Ni） ρd/ (105· cm-2)（Nd） P(x2)/% 中心年龄（±1σ）/Ma L/μm(N) Sg1301 锆石（33） 160.526（5444） 83.359（2827） 15.904（7846） 35.2 143±7 Sg1304 锆石（33） 139.113（5046） 82.155（2980） 16.738（7846） 40.2 133±6 Sg1308 锆石（35） 150.277（5318） 83.644（2960） 17.294（7846） 16.5 145±7 Sg1311 锆石（4） 159.376（329） 66.366（137） 11.873（7846） 25.9 134±15 Sg1312 锆石（25） 151.442（2367） 60.014（938） 12.29（7846） 35.5 145±8 Sg1301 磷灰石（35） 4.352（1140） 41.898（10976） 13.847（5782） 0 29±2 12.7±2.0（105） Sg1304 磷灰石（25） 5.655（398） 49.387（3476） 12.962（5782） 7.4 31±2 13.1±2.0（87） 注：ρs、ρi 和ρd分别表示自发径迹密度、诱发径迹密度和标准径迹密度；Ns、Ni 和Nd 分别表示自发径迹数、诱发径迹数和标准径迹数；L—径迹长度；N—径迹数；P(x2)为x2的检验值 
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表 2 磷灰石热史模拟结果
Table 2 Thermal history simulation of apatites
样品 K-S检验 年龄GOF 模拟径迹长度/μm 实验径迹长度/μm 模拟年龄/Ma 测试年龄/Ma Sg1301 0.44 0.84 12.7 12.7 29.7 29.4 Sg1304 0.76 0.99 12.8 13.1 30.4 30.4
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