Provenance analysis and structural implications of Gequ Formation at the Buqingshan area in the eastern segment of the East Kunlun region
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摘要:
对东昆仑东段布青山得力斯坦地区出露的上二叠统格曲组砾岩层进行砾石成分、砾度统计及系统的LA-ICP-MS锆石UPb年龄谱分析。结果表明,格曲组砾岩层砾石成分以石英岩和花岗岩为主,硅质岩和基性岩次之,砂岩和灰岩较少,砾石的分散系数为1.54~2.02,该套砾岩为近源快速堆积的产物。砾岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄可分为3组:①早奥陶世-晚志留世年龄组为499~409Ma,峰值年龄为426Ma,对应早古生代末期原特提斯洋向北俯冲碰撞产生的一系列构造岩浆事件;②新元古代年龄组为744~619Ma,峰值年龄为744Ma,对应于全球Rodinia超大陆裂解事件;③古元古代年龄组为2443Ma,对应东昆仑地区古元古代构造岩浆热事件。结合碎屑锆石年龄及沉积学特征综合分析,花岗质砾石来源于北侧东昆仑造山带加里东期岩浆弧,沉积岩砾石则可能来自造山带早期的沉积地层,石英岩及其他变质岩砾石则多来自东昆仑基底变质岩系。综合判别,格曲组为一套沉积于活动大陆边缘环境的滨浅海相磨拉石建造,代表南侧古特提斯洋向北俯冲开始的构造阶段,是初始俯冲的沉积构造响应。
Abstract:Detailed statistics of gravel composition, gravel granulometry and the LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of detrital zircons from conglomerate bed in Delisitan of Buqingshan show that this conglomerate was derived from the nearby place with rapid accumulation. This conglomerate consists mainly of quartzite and granite and subordinately of siliceous rocks and basic rocks, with minor sandstone and limestone. The coefficients of dispersion are 1.54~2.02 for the gravel of conglomerate. The detrital zircon age spectra can be divided into three groups:①Early Ordovician-Late Silurian age group, 499~409Ma, with the peak value being 426Ma, corresponding to the tectono-magmatic events associated with Proto-Tethys northward subduction and collision at the end of Early Paleozoic; ②Neoproterozoic age group, 744~619Ma, with the peak value being 744Ma, corresponding to the breakup of Rodinia supercontinent; ③Paleoproterozoic age group, 2443Ma, corresponding to the tectono-magmatic hydrothermal event of East Kunlun in Paleoproterozoic. An integrated analysis of the U-Pb detrital zircon ages and sedimentology characteristics show that the granite gravel was derived from magmatic arc in Caledonian in northern East Kunlun Orogen, the gravel of quartzite and metamorphic rocks was from the East Kunlun metamorphic rock series in basement, and the gravel of sedimentary rocks might have come from the early sedimentary formation in the orogenic belt. A comprehensive analysis reveals that the Gequ Formation is a mollasse formation of the littoral-shallow facie which deposited on anactive continental margin. It represents both the beginning of the Paleo-Tethys northward subduction and the sedimentary responding of tectonics at the beginning of the subduction.
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致谢: LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb 测年过程中得到中国地质调查局天津地质矿产研究所工作人员的大力支持，野外工作和室内资料整理得到山西师范大学李小兵博士、中国煤炭地质局航测遥感局胡楠硕士、四川省核工业地质局281 大队刘图杰硕士等的帮助，在此一并表示感谢。
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图 1 布青山-阿尼玛卿构造带地质简图（a）和布青山地区地质图（b）
1—第四系；2—新近系；3—三叠系；4—上二叠统格曲组；5—中下二叠统马尔争组；6—上石炭统- 中下二叠统树维门科组；7—石炭系；8—中元古界苦海岩群；9—海山灰岩；10—海山玄武岩； 11—中酸性火山熔岩；12—花岗闪长岩；13—石英闪长岩；14—玄武岩；15—辉长岩； 16—蛇纹岩；17—韧性剪切带；18—断层；19—推覆体；20—采样位置
Figure 1. Simplified geological map of the Buqingshan-A’nyemaqen orogenic belt (a) and geological map of the Buqingshan area (b)
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图 2 格曲组综合沉积柱状图①(①殷鸿福，张克信,陈能松，等.中华人民共和国区域地质调查报 告：1∶25 万冬给错纳湖幅（I47C001002）[M].武汉：中国地质大学 出版社，2003.)
C1h—下石炭统哈拉郭勒组；P3g1—上二叠统格曲组下岩段；P3g2—上二叠统格曲组上岩段；T1h1—下三叠统红水川组第一段
Figure 2. Composite columnar section of the deposition in Gequ Formation
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图 3 布青山得力斯坦地区格曲组砾石层砾石成分对比
Figure 3. Comparison of gravel ingredients of the conglomerate layer in Gequ Formation of Buqingshan area
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图 4 布青山得力斯坦地区格曲组砾岩层砾径累计频率曲线图及直方图
Figure 4. Curvilinear diagram and histogram of size-frequency distribution from conglomerate layer in Delisitan of Buqingshan area
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图 5 布青山得力斯坦地区格曲组（XRD047/1）代表性锆石阴极发光（CL）图像及年龄值
Figure 5. Cathodoluminescence（CL）images and ages of single zircon from conglomerate layer（XRD047/1）in Delisitan of Buqingshan area
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图 6 布青山得力斯坦地区格曲组锆石年龄直方图（a）和U-Pb 谐和图（b）
Figure 6. Detrital zircons U-Pb histograms（a）and concordia diagrams（b） of conglomerate layer in Delisitan of Buqingshan area
表 1 布青山得力斯坦地区格曲组砾岩层砾性特征
Table 1 Gravel characteristics of conglomerate layer in Delisitan of Buqingshan area
测点编号 砾性/% 砾度/mm 花岗岩 石英岩 青灰色硅质岩 肉红色硅质岩 砂岩 灰岩 基性岩 其他变质岩 d d50 S 细砾/% 中砾/% 粗砾/% 1 9 33 29 8 7 3 8 3 20 11 1.54 95 4 1 2 20 47 8 3 3 1 14 4 30 21 2.02 75 25 0 3 21 37 10 11 1 1 17 2 28 22 1.73 99 1 0 4 26 15 15 21 1 1 19 2 23 13 1.56 94 4 2 
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表 2 布青山得利斯坦地区砾岩层LA-ICP-MS 碎屑锆石U-Th-Pb 同位素分析结果
Table 2 LA-ICP-MS U-Th-Pb data of detrital zircons from conglomerate layer in Delisitan of Buqingshan area
测点编号 含量/10-6 同位素比值 表面年龄/Ma Pb U Th/U 207Pb/206Pb 207Pb/235U 206Pb/238U 207Pb/206Pb 207Pb/235U 206Pb/238U 测值 1σ 测值 1σ 测值 1σ 测值 1σ 测值 1σ 测值 1σ 1 54 198 0.69 0.48 0.0069 9.1164 0.2691 0.1378 0.0013 4181 21 2350 69 832 8 2 91 1116 0.60 0.057 0.0008 0.6357 0.0175 0.0805 0.0007 502 30 500 14 499 5 3 17 239 0.88 0.056 0.0009 0.5276 0.0148 0.0688 0.0007 436 35 430 12 429 4 4 21 254 1.27 0.084 0.0017 0.5139 0.0151 0.0673 0.0006 1294 39 421 12 420 4 5 7 49 0.90 0.077 0.0021 1.2898 0.0456 0.1223 0.0011 1108 55 841 30 744 7 6 28 371 0.74 0.07 0.0016 0.5203 0.0165 0.0694 0.0006 924 48 425 13 432 4 7 55 481 0.33 0.067 0.0008 1.0582 0.0305 0.1142 0.0021 844 25 733 21 697 13 8 5 58 0.80 0.056 0.0018 0.5897 0.0228 0.0758 0.0007 468 69 471 18 471 4 9 17 210 0.89 0.056 0.0009 0.5599 0.0158 0.0725 0.0007 453 34 451 13 451 5 10 15 210 0.77 0.055 0.0009 0.5275 0.0148 0.068 0.0006 430 35 430 12 424 4 11 9 128 0.77 0.055 0.0013 0.4968 0.0171 0.0668 0.0006 401 54 410 14 417 4 12 18 263 0.71 0.055 0.0009 0.4986 0.0151 0.0655 0.0006 422 36 411 12 409 4 13 16 210 1.30 0.055 0.001 0.5007 0.0165 0.0666 0.0006 418 40 412 14 415 4 14 20 299 0.71 0.055 0.0009 0.4987 0.0172 0.0668 0.0007 409 38 411 14 417 4 15 35 478 1.54 0.054 0.001 0.4943 0.0187 0.0679 0.0007 388 42 408 15 424 4 16 9 115 1.19 0.066 0.0015 0.5269 0.0221 0.0704 0.0007 800 48 430 18 439 5 17 15 218 0.59 0.055 0.0011 0.5569 0.0224 0.0728 0.0007 430 43 449 18 453 4 18 19 282 0.90 0.056 0.001 0.532 0.0202 0.069 0.0007 449 42 433 16 430 4 19 233 510 0.06 0.159 0.0023 9.9042 0.3523 0.4523 0.005 2443 24 2426 86 2406 27 20 118 3304 0.72 0.142 0.0037 0.6172 0.024 0.0316 0.0006 2247 45 488 19 201 3 21 22 309 0.99 0.055 0.0012 0.5269 0.0213 0.069 0.0007 429 47 430 17 430 4
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