Age and geochemistry of strongly peraluminous granite in Airgin Sum area, Inner Mongolia, and its geological significance
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摘要:
内蒙古艾勒格庙二长花岗岩岩体分布在锡林浩特-艾勒格庙前寒武纪微陆块的西部, 利用LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石UPb法测得其形成年龄为418.5± 1.1Ma, 侵入时代为晚志留世末期。岩石地球化学特征显示高硅(SiO2 74.22%~75.51%), 富钾(K2O 5.41%~5.78%), 铝饱和指数A/CNK在1.17~1.21之间, 属于高钾钙碱性强过铝质花岗岩类。微量元素特征为富集Rb、Th、U、Pb、K和重稀土元素(Yb 3.74× 10-6~9.65× 10-6), 强烈亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等元素。该岩体形成于后碰撞构造环境, 是地壳增厚后折返减压部分熔融的产物。它的存在揭示, 艾勒格庙苏左旗北部造山带在晚志留世之前已经发生弧陆碰撞, 之后的顶志留世-中泥盆世为后碰撞-后造山的伸展背景。
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关键词:
- 强过铝质二长花岗岩 /
- LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学 /
- 地球化学 /
- 后碰撞 /
- 艾勒格庙
Abstract:Airgin Sum monzogranite plution is located in western Xilin Gol-Airgin Sum Precambrian block, Inner Mongolia. Its age of 418.5± 1.1Ma obtained by LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating means that Airgin Sum plution was formed at the end of Late Silurian. Its petrology and geochemistry show that Airgin Sum monzogranite is characterized by high silicon (SiO2 74.22%~75.51%) and rich potassium (K2O 5.41%~5.78%)in association with A/CNK ratios ranging from 1.17 to 1.21, suggesting high-K and calc-al-kaline strongly peraluminous granite. The monzogranite is strongly enriched in Rb, Th, U, Pb, K and heavy rare earth elements (Yb 3.74× 10-6~9.65× 10-6) and is also characterized by depletion of Nb, Ta, Ti and P. It is suggested that the strongly peraluminous mon-zogranite was formed in the post-collisional setting and resulted from partial melting of crustal material after exhumation of overthickened crust. It is thus concluded that the northern orogen in Airgin Sum-Sonidzuoqi had collided between arc and block before Late Silurian, followed by an post-collision and post-orogenic extension setting during Upper Silurian-Middle Devonian.
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黄金是人类发现的第一种贵金属，是美好和富有的象征，一直受到人类的喜爱。胶东是中国最重要的黄金基地、世界闻名的黄金产区，也是全球金矿床勘查和研究的热点区域。胶东金矿的开采历史悠久，最早可上溯至唐代。新中国成立以来，国家对胶东金矿的勘查一直非常重视，部署了大量地质工作。胶东地区也不负众望，不断涌现新的找矿突破，由建国初期的仅20余吨金资源量，到现今金资源总量超过5000 t，成为世界第三大金成矿区。目前，中国的黄金产量连续十多年居世界第一，其中胶东的三山岛、焦家、玲珑和新城4座矿山建国以来累计生产黄金均超过100 t，胶东为中国的黄金产业乃至经济社会发展做出了重要贡献。
胶东屡现金矿找矿奇迹，产生了找矿勘查的多项第一。1965年，首次在胶东三山岛断裂的破碎蚀变带中发现了金矿体；1966年，在焦家断裂带中发现破碎带蚀变岩型金矿体并肯定了其工业价值。1969年完成的三山岛金矿区勘探，提交金资源量63.56 t，是中国探明的第一个特大型蚀变岩型金矿床；其后于1972年完成了焦家金矿床勘探，提交金资源量70余吨。1977年，全国第二次金矿地质工作会议以纪要形式，将焦家式破碎带蚀变岩型金矿(简称焦家式金矿)确定为中国新发现的金矿床类型。焦家式金矿的发现，突破了当时地学界“大断裂只导矿不贮矿”的传统认识，指导地质人员将找矿方向由以往的石英脉型金矿转向破碎带蚀变岩型金矿，陆续发现和探明了新城、河西、河东、新立、仓上、大尹格庄、台上等大型金矿床，奠定了胶东作为中国第一黄金基地的地位，推动了中国黄金产业的发展。1985年，《焦家式新类型金矿的发现及其突出的找矿效果》荣获国家科技进步特等奖(图片1)，焦家式金矿成矿和找矿理论为中国的金矿勘查提供了重要指导。
进入21世纪，中国的地下浅表部金矿资源严重枯竭，地质人员在胶东地区开展了深部找矿探索。于2006年首先探明了莱州寺庄深部特大型金矿床，实现了“攻深找盲”的率先突破；2008年，完成了莱州焦家深部金矿详查，提交金资源量105 t，是胶东地区第一个一次性提交详查资源量超过百吨的金矿床；其后，胶东地区陆续探明了10余个资源量超过100 t的超大型金矿床，尤其是探明了三山岛北部海域、西岭、纱岭3个资源量均超过300 t的金矿床。2014年，在莱州湾东侧的浅海海域探明的三山岛北部海域金矿床，勘探资源量470余吨，是中国和世界上最大的海域金矿。随着深部找矿的持续推进，胶东地区的勘查和钻探深度不断刷新纪录。目前，已施工1500~3000 m深度的钻孔300余个，其中，三山岛、焦家、水旺庄、大尹格庄等矿区控制矿体的深度均已超过2000 m，是国内平均勘查深度最大的金矿区；已施工超过3000 m深度的钻孔3个，在莱州三山岛金矿深部(西岭矿区)施工的4006.17 m深孔被誉为中国岩金勘查第一深钻，在焦家断裂带深部施工的3266.06 m深度的钻孔是该成矿带见矿深度最深的钻孔。2011年全国找矿突破战略行动以来，胶东作为全国重要的整装勘查区之一，深部找矿取得了新的重大突破，10年新增深部金资源量约2958 t，新增资源量约占全国同期的40%，超过了胶东历史上累计探明金资源量的总和，三山岛、焦家和招平3条成矿带的金资源量均已超过千吨。深部找矿的过程也是找矿理论认识和找矿方法不断提升的过程，胶东型金矿热隆-伸展成矿理论、阶梯成矿模式、阶梯找矿方法、先进的地球物理勘探技术、深孔和海域钻探方法等在深部找矿中发挥了重要作用。通过三维可视化分析发现，三山岛和焦家地区的多个原来认为独立的金矿床在深部合为一体，实际上是2个资源量均超过千吨的超巨型金矿床。2014年，《胶东金矿理论技术创新与深部找矿突破》成果获得国家科技进步二等奖。2017年5月3日，原国土资源部专门举行胶东地区深部金矿找矿成果新闻发布会指出：“胶东地区金矿深部勘查重大突破具有世界级影响”。
全国找矿突破战略行动的实施，为胶东深部找矿突破提供了重要机遇。本专辑撷取了找矿突破战略行动以来有关人员在胶东深部找矿中开展的部分工作和取得的部分成果予以展示，主要包括以下4方面内容：矿床三维地质建模及基于三维模型对深部矿床空间分布和成矿规律的新认识，稳定同位素、矿石微量元素和矿物微区地球化学分析测试结果及对金成矿的指示，流体包裹体测试结果及成因解释，地球物理方法及其在胶东深部找矿中的作用。期望本专辑阐述的成果能为深化胶东金成矿的认识及指导进一步找矿提供启发和帮助，也期望中国其他地区的深部找矿和相关研究能从中得到有益借鉴。
胶东地区金矿找矿不断取得新突破，得益于国家有关部门的高度重视和大力支持，得益于地勘队伍、科研院所和矿山企业的共同努力，得益于广大工程技术人员、基础理论研究人员的艰苦努力和无私奉献。山东省地质矿产勘查开发局第六地质大队无疑是胶东金矿找矿的突出贡献者，该队探获了胶东50%以上金资源量，发现并建立了焦家式金矿矿床式，创新了金矿成矿理论，提出了金矿找矿新方法，也因其突出的找矿贡献获得了崇高的荣誉：1992年10月19日国务院下达了《国务院关于表彰山东省地质矿产局第六地质队的决定》(国发〔1992〕59号)，授予六队“功勋卓著无私奉献的英雄地质队”荣誉称号(图片2)，于1992年12月10日在北京举行了隆重的命名大会，并授予奖旗；2009年9月19日，时任国务院总理温家宝在原国土资源部转呈的山东地矿六队胶东找矿成果汇报材料上亲笔批示“请国土资源部转告六队职工：祝贺他们在金矿勘探中取得的重大发现，向大家致以亲切的问候。”
2022年是山东地矿六队被国务院授予“功勋卓著无私奉献的英雄地质队”荣誉称号30周年，谨以此专辑纪念这一光荣的时刻，并向为胶东地区金矿勘查和找矿突破战略行动取得重大成果做出贡献的所有人致以崇高的敬意！
致谢: 感谢天津地质矿产研究所实验室耿建珍、郭虎高级工程师在样品测试及阴极发光拍摄过程中给予的帮助。 -
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图 1 艾勒格庙大地构造位置（A）[3]及区域地质简图（B）
Figure 1. Tectonic locations (A) and geological sketch map of Airgin Sum area (B)
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图 2 艾勒格庙强过铝质二长花岗岩野外（A）和镜下（B）特征
Gt—石榴子石；Mc—微斜长石；Q—石英；Bi—黑云母；Ms—白云母；Pl—斜长石
Figure 2. Petrological features of strongly peraluminous monzogranite of Airgin Sum
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图 3 强过铝质二长花岗岩代表性锆石CL图像及测点位置
Figure 3. CL images and dating spots of representative zircons of strongly peraluminous monzogranite
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图 4 强过铝质二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb谐和图
Figure 4. U-Pb concordia diagram of the zircon from strongly peraluminous monzogranite
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图 5 强过铝质二长花岗岩SiO2-K2O图解[18]
Figure 5. Diagram of K2O versus SiO2 of strongly peraluminous monzogranite
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图 7 强过铝质二长花岗岩稀土元素配分及微量元素蛛网图（球粒陨石及原始地幔数据据参考文献[20]）
Figure 7. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns and spidergram of strongly peraluminous monzogranite from Airgin Sum in Inner Mongolia
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图 8 强过铝质二长花岗岩Rb/Sr-Rb/Ba图解[21]
Figure 8. Diagram of Rb/Sr-Rb/Ba of strongly peraluminous monzogranite
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图 9 强过铝质二长花岗岩SiO2-（TFeO+MgO+TiO2）图解[21]
Figure 9. Diagram of SiO2 versus(TFeO+MgO+TiO2)of strongly peraluminous monzogranite
表 1 艾力格庙强过铝质二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素分析结果
Table 1 LA-ICP-MS U-Th-Pb isotope analytical results of zircon from strongly peraluminous monzogranite in Airgin Sum
测点号 Pb/10-6 U/10-6 Th/U 同位素比值 表面年龄/Ma 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 08MD95 1 60 106 0.1109 0.0547 0.0004 0.506 0.004 0.0672 0.0004 400 15 416 3 419 2 2 105 132 0.0787 0.0550 0.0003 0.506 0.003 0.0668 0.0004 411 13 416 3 417 2 3 83 124 0.0933 0.0551 0.0003 0.509 0.003 0.0671 0.0004 415 13 418 3 418 3 4 70 219 0.2015 0.0555 0.0003 0.514 0.004 0.0671 0.0004 433 14 421 3 419 3 5 71 211 0.1923 0.0553 0.0003 0.512 0.003 0.0672 0.0004 424 14 420 3 419 3 6 81 219 0.1737 0.0553 0.0004 0.512 0.004 0.0671 0.0004 426 14 420 3 419 3 7 59 257 0.2894 0.0551 0.0004 0.510 0.004 0.0671 0.0004 415 15 418 3 419 3 8 64 185 0.1938 0.0551 0.0011 0.509 0.011 0.0670 0.0004 416 43 418 9 418 3 9 22 239 0.8227 0.0553 0.0009 0.512 0.009 0.0671 0.0004 423 37 420 7 419 3 10 47 228 0.3245 0.0552 0.0005 0.512 0.004 0.0672 0.0004 421 18 420 4 419 3 11 62 165 0.1721 0.0552 0.0003 0.511 0.004 0.0671 0.0004 420 14 419 3 419 2 12 86 150 0.1104 0.0552 0.0003 0.509 0.003 0.0669 0.0004 419 13 418 3 417 2 13 91 433 0.3169 0.0552 0.0003 0.511 0.004 0.0671 0.0004 420 14 419 3 419 2 14 21 100 0.3141 0.0551 0.0008 0.511 0.008 0.0672 0.0004 418 34 419 7 419 3 15 49 113 0.1468 0.0552 0.0004 0.512 0.004 0.0673 0.0004 421 17 420 4 420 3 16 36 37 0.0628 0.0553 0.0011 0.509 0.011 0.0668 0.0005 425 43 418 9 417 3 17 60 126 0.1333 0.0553 0.0004 0.510 0.004 0.0668 0.0004 426 15 418 3 417 2 18 49 106 0.1390 0.0552 0.0006 0.511 0.005 0.0672 0.0004 419 22 419 4 419 3 19 95 118 0.0778 0.0553 0.0003 0.511 0.003 0.0671 0.0004 424 13 419 3 419 3 20 86 103 0.0748 0.0552 0.0003 0.510 0.003 0.0669 0.0004 422 13 418 3 418 2 21 64 162 0.1653 0.0549 0.0004 0.509 0.004 0.0672 0.0004 408 15 418 3 419 3 
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表 2 内蒙古艾勒格庙强过铝质二长花岗岩主量、微量和稀土元素含量
Table 2 Values of major, trace and rare earth elements of strongly peraluminous monzogranite from Airgin Sum in Inner Mongolia
样号 08MD95 08MD96 08MD97 08MD97-1 SiO2 74.22 75.51 74.85 74.86 TiO2 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.04 Al2O3 14.55 14.00 14.16 14.34 Fe2O3 0.33 0.19 0.08 0.26 FeO 0.19 0.21 0.66 0.20 MnO 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.06 MgO 0.10 0.06 0.11 0.07 CaO 1.08 1.19 1.34 1.13 Na2O 2.49 2.20 2.31 2.25 k2o 5.78 5.45 5.41 5.65 P2O5 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 LOI 0.73 0.51 0.30 0.62 总量 99.57 99.42 99.37 99.50 K2O/Na2O 2.34 2.47 2.34 2.51 A/NK 1.40 1.47 1.47 1.46 A/CNK 1.18 1.20 1.17 1.21 CaO/Na2O 0.43 0.54 0.58 0.50 Al2O3/TiO2 328.39 397.56 309.93 360.62 Au 0.23 0.22 2.44 0.23 Ag 36.75 9.32 21.33 23.03 Cu 1.92 2.43 4.52 2.17 Zn 29.25 24.21 37.46 26.73 Be 0.86 1.23 1.09 1.15 Sc 2.29 2.54 2.41 2.32 V 5.97 5.94 8.20 5.95 Cr 2.57 1.80 10.85 2.19 Co 0.47 0.39 1.31 0.43 Ni 0.68 0.50 3.23 0.59 Ga 13.19 14.70 14.04 13.95 Sr 72.38 102.69 115.38 88.54 Zr 46.82 68.34 56.99 57.58 Cd 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 Cs 2.37 3.32 2.32 2.74 Hf 2.03 2.90 2.52 2.56 Ta 0.08 0.20 0.06 0.14 Pb 41.02 47.42 42.51 43.22 U 0.98 1.93 1.24 1.46 Rb 184.87 196.88 179.60 190.87 Ba 138.03 282.17 286.15 210.10 Th 13.27 15.73 18.86 14.50 Nb 1.33 1.61 1.54 1.47 Rb/Sr 2.55 1.92 1.56 2.16 Rb/Ba 1.34 0.70 0.63 0.91 La 4.73 3.17 5.08 3.95 Ce 7.46 6.72 7.88 7.09 Pr 0.98 0.80 1.12 0.85 Nd 3.80 3.04 4.30 3.52 Sm 1.15 1.10 1.28 1.13 Eu 0.36 0.46 0.59 0.45 Gd 2.06 2.79 2.52 2.43 Tb 0.51 0.83 0.66 0.67 Dy 4.48 8.30 5.97 6.29 Ho 1.10 2.28 1.58 1.69 Er 3.48 8.22 5.13 5.85 Tm 0.55 1.37 0.80 0.96 Yb 3.74 9.65 5.49 6.69 Lu 0.57 1.56 0.84 1.06 Y 33.96 74.79 48.23 54.37
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