The discovery and origin of helium-rich gas on the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin
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摘要:
在柴达木盆地北缘全吉山、团鱼山地区的煤炭钻孔和泥页岩解吸气中发现了体积分数较高的氦气显示。对2个地区的6件样品进行甲烷C同位素和He同位素分析, 其中2个样品的δ13C1值分别为-38.4‰和-39.9‰, 属于有机成因。4个样品的3He/4He同位素测试结果在0.03×10-6~1.3×10-6之间, 表明氦气来源以壳源氦为主, 个别样品有少量幔源氦加入。通过区域背景资料和物探资料分析认为, 柴北缘壳源成因的氦可能主要来源于基底富U、Th花岗岩体的放射性衰变, 而柴北缘的山前深大断裂则可为氦的运移提供良好通道。氦气产生后, 在垂向运移过程中结合其他烃类或非烃类气体, 在侏罗系、古近系-新近系良好的储盖条件下, 有可能形成独特的富氦天然气富集
Abstract:In this paper, high-concentration helium was found for the first time in the coal drill hole and the mud-shale adsorbed gases in Quanjishan and Tuanyushan area on the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin. Six methane samples from these two areas were analyzed for carbon and helium isotopes. The data obtained show that two samples' carbon isotope values of methane are-38.4‰and-39.9‰, suggesting organic origin. In addition, the 3He/4He isotope values of four samples are between 0.03×10-6 and 1.3×10-6, showing that they were mainly crust-derived matter and subordinately mantle-derived matter. Through the analysis of regional geology and geophysical data, the authors have reached the conclusion that crust-derived helium was sourced from the granite with rich uranium and thorium on the basin basement. The deep faults of the northern Qaidam Basin might have provided better conditions for migration of the helium. Helium was produced in combination with other hydrocarbon or non-hydrocarbon gases in vertical migration process, and probably formed the unique helium-rich natural gas enrichment environment under the good reservoir and sealing condition in Jurassic, Neogene and Paleogene.
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致谢: 长安大学王晓鹏硕士和青海煤炭地质一〇五勘探队党洪量助理工程师在样品采集和处理过程中给予了很大帮助，审稿专家提出了建设性的意见，在此一并表示感谢。
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图 1 研究区位置及主要断裂分布简图
Figure 1. Location of the study area and distribution of major faults
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图 3 柴达木盆地北缘He-3He/4He关系图
（中国东部地区数据据参考文献[13]）
Figure 3. He -3He/4He diagram for the northern margin of Qaidam Basin
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图 5 柴达木盆地北缘储盖关系（据参考文献[27]修改）
J—侏罗系；E1+2—古近系路乐河组；E31—古近系下干柴沟组；E32—古近系上干柴沟组；N1—新近系上干柴沟组；N21—新近系上油砂山组；N22—新近系下油砂山组
Figure 5. The relationship between reservoir and caprock on the northern margin of Qaidam Basin
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图 6 柴北缘富氦天然气成因模式示意图
Figure 6. The genetic model of helium-rich gas on the northern margin of Qaidam Basin
表 1 柴北缘气体样品成分组成
Table 1 Gas sample chemical composition on the northern margin of Qaidam Basin
样品编号 采样地区 采样深度/m 采样层位 样品状态 气体主要组成成分体积分数/% CH4 C2H6 C2H8 H2 He N2 CO2 KT-7-1 团鱼山 874 J2d7 解吸气 49.06 0.49 0.24 0.00 1.14 48.58 0.30 KT-7-2 团鱼山 883 J2d7 解吸气 59.95 0.76 0.17 1.08 0.68 36.72 0.51 KT-7-3 团鱼山 885 J2d7 解吸气 35.64 0.56 0.07 0.73 0.47 62.13 0.36 KT-7-4 团鱼山 910 J2d7 解吸气 36.89 1.05 0.06 0.00 0.60 60.79 0.60 KT-7-8 团鱼山 925 J2d7 解吸气 27.89 0.89 0.02 0.00 0.50 70.22 0.47 9-8-1 全吉山 — — 井口气 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.10 98.84 0.00 注：表中各成分体积分数是扣除空气后的实际体积分数；J2d7代表中侏罗统大煤沟组七段（下表同） 
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表 2 柴达木盆地北缘天然气同位素特征
Table 2 Isotopic characteristics of gas in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin
样品编号 采样地区 采样深度/m 采样层位 He/% δ13C-PDB/‰ R/Ra 3He/4He/10-6 幔源He/% KT-7-1 团鱼山 874 J2d7 1.14 — 0.05 0.06 0.40 KT-7-2 团鱼山 879 J2d7 — -39.9 — — — KT-7-3 团鱼山 883 J2d7 0.68 — 0.93 1.30 11.69 KT-7-4 团鱼山 885 J2d7 — -38.4 — — — KT-7-8 团鱼山 925 J2d7 0.50 — 0.56 0.78 6.92 9-8-1 全吉山 — — 1.10 — 0.02 0.03 0.12
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