Mixed sedimentary characteristics and controlling factors of Upper Paleozoic Group in Northern Qaidam Basin
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摘要:
柴北缘晚古生代发育多种成因机理各异的混积岩与混积层系。混积岩分为蚀源型砂砾岩, 碳酸盐岩-粗陆源碎屑混积岩, 泥灰岩(灰泥岩)与含化石泥岩三大类。混积层系在不同环境中均有出现, 混积相可划分为混积砂砾质碎屑海岸相、混积低能海岸相、混积台地、混积陆棚4类。在此基础上对各类混积岩、混积层系进行了沉积环境、形成机制解释, 归纳出3种不同时期的混积相组合并建立沉积模式。构造运动、海平面升降、气候及古坡角的共同作用导致该区混合沉积普遍发育。其中, 加里东构造带的存在及近物源沉积是粗碎屑与生屑颗粒混合的先决条件, 海平面频繁变化与极缓的古坡角是该区混积岩、混积层系高频发育的直接原因
Abstract:Various mixed sedimentary rocks and sequences with different formation mechanisms were formed in Late Paleozoic strata of Northern Qaidam Basin. Types of mixed sedimentary rocks can be divided into three categories based on differences in petrology and size:eclipse source conglomerate, mixed sedimentary rock with coarse clastics, marl and lime mud stone, and mudstone with fossils. Mixed sequence formed in every environment, mixed facies can be divided into mixed gritty clastic shore, mixed low-energy clastic shore, mixed carbonate platform, and mixed muddy shelf. Sedimentary models were established based on the analysis. The authors believe that the combined action of tectonic movement, eustatic sea level change, paleoclimate and ancient basin slope angle led to the wide development of mixed sedimentary rocks. The nearby existence of the Caledonian tectonic belt and near-provenance sedimentary rocks are prerequisites for the mixture of coarse-grained clastics and biological detritus. Frequent sea level changes and slow slope toe are the direct causes of highly frequency appearance of mixed rocks and sequences.
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致谢: 项目实施过程中地质科学院地质力学研究所马寅生、 刘成林研究员和中国地质调查局尹成明高级工程师给予了大力指导， 审稿专家提出了宝贵修改意见， 在此表示感谢。
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图 2 研究剖面地质简图
a—石炭沟剖面；b—城墙沟剖面；c—旺尕秀剖面；D1-3m—牦牛山组；C1c—城墙沟组；C1h—怀头他拉组；C2k—克鲁克组；C2-P1z—扎布萨尕秀组；J2-3h—红水沟组；K—白垩系；E3g-N1y—干柴沟组—油砂山组
Figure 2. Sketch geological map of the main study outcrops
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图 3 柴北缘上古生界沉积相剖面对比(据参考文献[21]修改)
Dm—牦牛山组；Dy—鱼北沟群；C1ch—城墙沟组；C1h—怀头他拉组；C-Pk-zh—克鲁克组与扎布萨尕秀组；C-Pt-z—土尔垦大阪群-宗务隆山群
Figure 3. Upper Paleozoic stratigraphic correlation on Northern Qaidam Basin
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图 4 柴北缘上古生界地层综合柱状图（据参考文献[21]修改）
Figure 4. Upper Paleozoic comprehensive stratigraphic column of North Qaidam Basin
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A.石灰沟克鲁克组含陆源碎屑生屑灰岩(100×，+)；B.城墙沟城墙沟组鲕粒灰岩石英核心(50×，+)；C.石灰沟克鲁克组扇三角洲砾岩；D.牦牛山上泥盆统磨拉石及碳酸盐岩砾石；E.石灰沟克鲁克组泥灰岩与粉砂岩、炭质页岩；F.城墙沟穿山沟组泥灰岩；G.ZK2-1井克鲁克组含双壳化石泥岩；H.石灰沟怀头他拉组生屑灰岩与含陆屑生屑灰岩互层；I.石灰沟怀头他拉组生屑灰岩中的含生屑砂岩透镜体；J.石灰沟克鲁克组砂岩与灰岩互层（远景）；K.石灰沟克鲁克组砂岩与灰岩互层（近景）；L.石灰沟怀头他拉组黑色页岩层内的生屑灰岩透镜体；M.石灰沟上石炭统克鲁克组砂岩中的羽状交错层理；N.石灰沟上石炭统克鲁克组波痕；O.石灰沟上石炭统克鲁克组砂岩羽状交错层理；P.ZK3-2克鲁克组潮汐成因层理；Q.柴页2井克鲁克组向上变粗的海滩障壁沉积序列
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图 5 柴北缘上古生界混合沉积类型及垂向序列
Ⅰ—混积碎屑海岸沉积；Ⅱ—混积潮坪沉积；Ⅲ—混积台地沉积；Ⅳ—混积陆棚沉积
Figure 5. Mixed sedimentary sequence and vertical sequence of Upper Paleozoic strata in Northern Qaidam Basin
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图 6 柴北缘泥盆纪—早石炭世混合沉积模式
Figure 6. Mixed sedimentary model of Late Paleozoic strata on the Northern Qaidam Basin
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