Abstract: ‘One Belt, One Road’ (OBOR) initiative is an important strategic deployment of China during the period of expanding opening-up scope, promoting economic development and strengthening China’s position in the world. The cooperation in the field of mineral resources can lay the foundation and provide guidance for the further global and regional economic cooperation. Based on examining the geological background, mineral resources distribution and characteristics, and the climate for mining investment in OBOR-covered countries, this paper has analyzed the prospect of mining cooperating with these countries. In terms of mineral resources, these countries are highly complementary with China, and there are great potential for the cooperation in the field of mineral exploration and mining investment. Nevertheless, there also exist many risks. In view of such a situation, the authors hold that, on the one hand, we should strengthen the cooperation with OBOR-covered countries in the field of geology and mineral resources, especially in basic geological survey, resources potential assessment, information and data sharing, as well as the resources governance; on the other hand, Chinese enterprises should engage in the business model innovation, enhance awareness of social responsibility, and implement mutually beneficial policy. At the same time, they should pay attention to the prevention of traditional and non-traditional risks.