瑞典北部比约克达尔金矿床地质特征及成因

    Geological features and genesis of the Bjorkdal gold deposit in northern Sweden

    • 摘要: 比约克达尔(Bjokdal)金矿位于瑞典北部古元古代斯科勒费特(Skellefte)地块的东部。成矿母岩为花岗岩类侵入体。该金矿的石英、白钨矿、方解石中的包体有3类。石英的δ18O值为8.3‰~14.3‰,2个全岩样品的δ18O值分别为9‰和10.4‰。Sm-Nd同位素数据得出矿石中白钨矿等时线年龄为1915±32Ma (MSWD=0.25),白钨矿的ε(Nd)(t=1.88Ga)的值为+1.1~+1.7。通过对矿化石英脉中流体包裹体的研究,将矿化分为3个主要阶段。第一阶段发育的石英脉伴随少量的白钨矿和硫化物,矿化作用的主要阶段发生了岩浆流体和地表水的混合,混合的同时伴随压力下降和pH值增加,第三阶段发生在130~220℃,这时产生了金-方解石-碲化物矿化,并对原生矿石进行了部分改造。

       

      Abstract: The Bjorkdal gold deposit is located in the eastern part of the Early Proterozoic Skellefte district in northern Sweden. The ore zone is hosted by a granitoid intrusion. Three types of fluids are represented by fluid inclusions observed in quartz, scheelite and calcite. δ18O values of quartz samples range between +8.3‰ and + 14.3‰. The two whole-rock samples yielded oxygen isotope values of + 9.0‰ and 10.4‰. Sm-Nd isotope data were collected,and the obtained isochron age is rather well constrained at 1915 ±32Ma (MSWD=0.25). The resulting ε(Nd)(t=1.88Ga) values are between +1.1 and +1.7. Three main stages of mineralization are inferred from investigation of fluid inclusions in mineralized quartz veins. The first stage that produced quartz-veins with minor scheelite and sulfides were mainly barren with respect to gold; the main stage of mineralization is considered to have occurred through mixing of the magmatic fluid with surface-derived fluids such as seawater, and this mixing was contemporaneous with the pressure decrease and pH increase. The third stage, which caused the gold-calcite-telluride mineralization and remobilization of the primary ore, occurred at 130-220℃.

       

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