Abstract:
The Bjorkdal gold deposit is located in the eastern part of the Early Proterozoic Skellefte district in northern Sweden. The ore zone is hosted by a granitoid intrusion. Three types of fluids are represented by fluid inclusions observed in quartz, scheelite and calcite. δ18O values of quartz samples range between +8.3‰ and + 14.3‰. The two whole-rock samples yielded oxygen isotope values of + 9.0‰ and 10.4‰. Sm-Nd isotope data were collected,and the obtained isochron age is rather well constrained at 1915 ±32Ma (MSWD=0.25). The resulting ε(Nd)(t=1.88Ga) values are between +1.1 and +1.7. Three main stages of mineralization are inferred from investigation of fluid inclusions in mineralized quartz veins. The first stage that produced quartz-veins with minor scheelite and sulfides were mainly barren with respect to gold; the main stage of mineralization is considered to have occurred through mixing of the magmatic fluid with surface-derived fluids such as seawater, and this mixing was contemporaneous with the pressure decrease and pH increase. The third stage, which caused the gold-calcite-telluride mineralization and remobilization of the primary ore, occurred at 130-220℃.