Abstract: The Nanping Nb-Ta deposit has become the largest pegmatite type Nb-Ta deposit in Asia. Located in northwestern uplift zone of Fujian, The Nanping ore district has well-developed Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic metamorphic rocks. Nb-Ta mineralized pegmatite dikes intruded into wall rocks characterized by schistosity and stratification, and were formed during the evolution of four types of differentiated granitic pegmatite magmas closely related to Caledonian granite. In the mineralized pegmatite, zones and metasomatism exist obviously, and mineralization occurred via crystallization differentiation and late hydrothermal alteration. The Nanping deposit has many types of rare elements and phosphate minerals, which is rarely seen in the world. In addition, the Nanping deposit is the only deposit that produces Nanpingite. In addition to Nb and Ta, which mainly occur in Nb-Ta minerals which contain more Ta than Nb. Other rare elements can be utilized comprehensively. Besides, it is very possible to find Nanping type mineralized pegmatite in northwestern Fujian.