Abstract: Desertification, as one of the most serious environment problems in the world, is threatening the quality of human habitat and the stability of society. In this study, based on investigation and assessment of the environmental geological aspects of desertification, especially on the investigation of environmentally vulnerable areas affected by desertification, the authors built up a geo-environmental indicator system for desertification assessment, and determined a group of factors for investigation and monitoring. The results have brought technological support to the scientific assessment of geo-environment change and the improvement of the geo-environment monitoring and early warning system.