Abstract: The Luziyuan ore deposit in Zhenkuang County was preliminarily evaluated as a large-size lead-zinc polymetallic deposit, which experienced deposition in the early period and hydrothermal transformation in the late period, thus belonging to hydrothermal type. Ore bodies occur mainly in Late Cambrian sedimentary strata on the western limb of Zhenkang anticline. Late Cambrian sedimentation and diagenesis caused local enrichment of such elements as Pb, Zn, Cu and Ag, and subsequent regional epimetamorphism, especially thermal metamorphism and hydrothermal metasomatism under the influence of regional magmatic activity, caused the migration and enrichment of these elements to form the ore deposit. Structures and horizons obviously control the ore bodies, and hydrothermal alteration is one of the ore-prospecting indicators. The formation of the ore bodies was related to such alternations as skarnization, silicification, marbleization and magnetitization, and the mineralization was intimately related to structures, deep faults, magmatism and ore-forming hydrothermal activities.