Abstract: With the using of Microbial Prospecting of Oil and Gas (MPOG) many information about oil and gas can be taken such as the predication of the region, classification and assessment of the prospection, the primary controlling factors and so on. In recent years, MPOM are successfully applied to 12 oil and gas blocks in China. Shale gas is a kind of unconventional natural gas. There are many factors to control the accumulation of shale gas, such as TOC, organic matter type, Ro, porosity and permeability of the shale, etc. During the exploration of shale gas, MPOG can take advantage of the many characteristics of shale gas, for example, the high initial datum pressure of primary shale gas reservoir, the subtle features, the higher accumulation of shale gas with the development of the more porosities and micro-fractures, which are more effectively to discover the accumulation of shale gas and the find favorable target areas, and furthermore, the exploration success ratio of shale gas can be greatly improved and the exploration risk can be reduced.