Abstract: Based on the characteristics of sedimentation, geochemistry, structure evolution and hydrocarbon generation, we compared Carboniferous Barnett Formation shale(BFS) in Forth Worth Basin(United States)with Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale(LFS) in Sichuan Basin(China).There are good shale gas exploring prospects of LFS in Sichuan basin, especially in southern parts. Two sets of source rocks are the similar depositional environments, thickness, korogen types (Ⅰ~Ⅱ1)and hydrocarbon generation processes. But Barnett shale are much richer TOC content(3~13%), brittle minerals and micropores more development; Longmaxi Formation shale are relatively deeper burial depth(commonly 2000~4000m) ,richer clay mineral content, higher thermal maturity(generally Ro>2%)，larger amplitude uplift and quick rising rates (3000m/80Ma).