山东威海农业生态地球化学调查与评价

    Agro-ecological geochemistry survey and evaluation of Weihai City, Shandong Province, China

    • 摘要: 介绍了威海市农业生态地球化学调查、评价工作取得的一些基本成果和存在的生态地球化学问题。调查与评价结果显示,该区总体上地球化学环境质量优良,Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类土壤占全区总面积的97.49%,Ⅲ类和劣Ⅲ类土壤仅占全区总面积的2.51%,主要分布在乳山市部分地区和荣成市崖西镇,超标元素主要为Cr、Ni、Cu、Cd;浅层地下水大部分元素或指标处于自然低背景含量状态,部分水样Cd、Fe、 NO2-、总硬度等超标,已不适合饮用。该区存在的生态地球化学问题有:①山地丘陵区土壤pH值低,且表层土壤具有向强酸、强碱两极化发展的趋势,易引起重金属元素活化,危害人类健康;②沿海地带土地贫瘠,N、P、有机质等营养水平多属缺乏级;③乳山市和人口密集的乡镇地带表层土壤Hg、Cd、Pb、Zn等重金属污染严重。地质高背景、酸性表生环境和工业污染的共同作用,是造成环境中重金属元素含量较高的主要原因。

       

      Abstract: The main results of agro-ecological geochemical survey and evaluation of Weihai are introduced. Generally, the geochemical environment quality is good. The type I and II soil accounts for 97.49% of the total survey area, and the typeⅢ and typeⅢ-soil which mainly locates in the parts of Rushan City and Yaxi Township of Rongcheng City only accounts for 2.51%, Cr、Ni、Cu、Cd are the key elements exceeded quality standard. Most elements or indexes of shallow groundwater are below the natural background concentration, and the concentration of Cd、Fe、 NO2- and the total hardness in parts of shallow groundwater samples are over the drinking water standards. This shallow groundwater is not suitable for drinking. The existent ecological geochemical problems in this area are mainly: the pH value of soil is low in the hilly area, and the top soil has the developing trends into the strong acid and strong alkali, which will increase heavy metal element activation; the soils of coastal area are barren; the nutrition level of N, P and organic matters are usually in the lack level; the heavy metal pollution is serious in top soil of Rushan City and densely populated township, including Hg Cd Pb and Zn. The combined effect of high geological background, acidic surface environment and the industrial pollution are the main reasons cause higher levels of heavy metals.

       

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