渤海湾西岸风暴潮:叠加地质因素的新探讨

    on the muddy coast, western Bohai Bay, China

    • 摘要: 通过对渤海湾西岸1895年以来11次风暴潮高水位的厘定,证实并确定了50年、100年、200年直至10000年一遇的风暴潮高水位值。定量评估了风增水与波浪对风暴潮高水位的贡献。进一步从地学角度讨论了21世纪10年间隔的海面上升量、地面下沉与围海造陆共同作用、海面上升引发的净增水效应及河口增水效应。根据上述各类参数,预测了至2050年的10年间隔、50~10000年不同重现期的极端水位,并讨论了地面下沉对风暴潮测量准确性的影响。认为当前的防潮堤(海垱)高度可抵御50~100年一遇的风暴潮的侵袭,但据所讨论的综合因素的影响,建议2020年防潮堤的高度应达到+4.8m,2030年达到+5.1m(85高程)。

       

      Abstract: Based on collation of the flooding levels of the 11 storm surges since 1895 in the west coast of Bohai Bay, this paper verified and redefined the flooding levels with a probability of exceedance of 1 in 50, 100, 200... to 10000 years. Contributions of both wind set-up and wave to high water levels are quantitatively estimated as 50cm, respectively. Moreover, the various factors, including sealevel rise (starting from 2009 for every 10-yr-interval in 2009-2100: 3-31cm), land subsidence coincident with reclamation, net increase of flooding level stimulated by the sealevel rise (2020-2050: 7.5-30cm) and the mouth-channel effect (10cm) were discussed. Based on these parameters, the extreme flooding levels under probability of exceedance of 1 in 50 to 10000 years, respectively, were predicted until 2050 for every 10-yr-interval, and the leveling-correction affected by the subsidence was also discussed. We indicate the height of the existing seadike is capable to defense the storm surges of 1 in 50 to 100 years. However, based on the comprehensive factors discussed in this paper, it is suggested that the seadike should be reached to +4.8m in 2020 and +5.1m in 2030, respectively (both the State 85 Datum).

       

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