Abstract: Tarim and Junggar Basins in Western China are enriched in oil and gas resources, and have long been regarded as important energy resource bases, in which hydrocarbon geochemical exploration technique has been widely applied for oil and gas prospecting. It will be of great significance and great help for the current exploration activities in the western part of China to summarize the application effect and the successful cases in these fields. The geochemical exploration results achieved in Tarim and Junggar Basins during the past 20 years have been verified again and again with the continuous discoveries of the oil and gas resources within these area. This not only indicates that the application of hydrocarbon geochemical exploration technique can improve the oil and gas prospecting efficiency, but also proves that application of integrated exploration techniques can decrease lasting period and increase exploration success rate despite that more difficulties and higher cost nowadays facing the oil and gas prospecting field.