Abstract: This thesis has studied the content of water environmental capacity and environmental effect caused by explotation and utilization of ground water resource, and has discussed on the concept with the conclusion that ground water environmental capacity refers to the maximum threshold that the ground water system could resist for both the natural and human being′s activity, and its evaluation indices include the critical ground water level, sustainable exploitable amount, TDS, water temperature and pollution receiving capacity, respective or integrative. Take Ji′nan spring basin as an example, ground water level and spring flow rate was used as the threshold parameter for the environmental capacity of ground water in Ji′nan krast spring basin, and dynamic variability of the environmental capacity of ground water was demonstrated. At the end, a future trend in the domain of water environmental capacity research is indicated.