Abstract: The regional ecological geochemical assessment is a regional assessment carried out on the basis of multi-target regional geochemical survey, whose purpose is to supply basic geochemical data for the national economic construction, adjustment of industrial and agricultural structures and sustainable social development. It uses source-origin-remobilization-ecological effect-forecasting and early warning of anomalous elements as the main line of research and the ecosystem as the basic unit of research. Through it, we may ascertains the distribution, allocation, origin and source of anomalous elements, investigate their remobilization characteristics in various layers of Earth's surface, assess ecological effects that they have cause, apply the basic geochemical and ecological principles and approaches in the forecasting and early-warning of the polluted ecosystem, and put forward a proposal for their control so as to provide a scientific basis for the strategic adjustment of regional economy and sustainable industrial and agricultural development in our country.