Abstract: On the basis of summarizing the physical geography and hydrogeological conditions in Northeast China, this paper expounds major problems affecting sustainable utilization of groundwater resources in the contexts of supply and demand of groundwater, groundwater pollution, over-pumping of groundwater and its effect on the environment. And, those major problems are analyzed from social development, science and technology, history of groundwater pumping, management of water resources, and legislation and law enforcement. With regard to the requirements for water resources in the economic development and the present major problems affecting the sustainable utilization of groundwater resources in Northeast China, countermeasures of sustainable utilization groundwater resources are put forward. Those countermeasures include groundwater exploration and exploitation in different areas, water saving, research on groundwater theories and so on, which may be used for reference in the regional macro-management of groundwater resources in the region.