一种新的地质地貌景观类型—河北省白石山大理岩构造峰林特点及成因

    A new type of geological-geomorphological landscape: The Baishi Mountain marble structural "peak forest" (hoodoos) and its Origin

    • 摘要: 河北省涞源县白石山,在构造上位于NNE向太行山深断裂带的西缘。白石山呈现“双层结构”,山体“底座”为燕山期花岗岩,“顶盖”为中元古界雾迷山组(Jxw)白云石大理岩,形成巨型“顶盘悬挂体”。这里实际上是燕山期以来构造活动带和强震带中的一块“安全岛”,既有产生构造峰林强大的构造应力,又能使峰林很好地保存下来。产状近于水平的白云石大理岩层,因受强大的燕山期主压应力作用,产生两组直立的、规模宏大的NNE和NNW向共轭剪切节理,形成“X型构造”。新生代以来,山体上升,在构造节理的主导下,配合物理风化及部分地表流水作用,逐步发展成为白云石大理岩构造峰林。这是中国地质地貌景观的一种新类型。

       

      Abstract: Baishi (which means white rock in Chinese)Mountain at Laiyuan County,Hebei Province,is tectonically located on the western margin of the NNE-trending Taihangshan deep fault zone.It shows a double-layered structure,with Yanshanian granites as its"base"and dolomitic marble of the Mesopro-terozoic Wumishan Formation as the"top",forming a gigantic pendent.In fact,the mountain is a"safety island"in the tectonically active zone and strong earthquake zone since the Yanshanian,where strong tec-tonic stress produced"peak forest"(hoodoos )and the"peak forest"has also been well preserved.Under the strong Yanshanian principal compressional stress,two sets of vertical gigantic NNE and NNW conju-gate shear joins were produced in the subhorizontal dolomitic marble,forming an"X-shaped structure".Since the Cenozoic this mountain has risen and owing to structural jointing,combined with mechanical weathering and surface water erosion,it has gradually become a dolomitic marble"peak forest".This is a new type of landscape in China.

       

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