桂林岩溶地貌发育演化过程地文期的解析

    Analysis of the physiographic stages of the development and evolution process of karst geomorphology in Guilin, China

    • 摘要: 从地文期角度,分析桂林岩溶地貌的发育演化过程,为研究岩溶地貌发育演化规律及探讨岩溶地貌保护利用和可持续发展提供科学依据。通过调查区内地层、地貌的空间展布特征,塑造地貌营力(水系)变化,结合区内构造发展史及岩相古地理环境变化等要素,对桂林地貌发育演化过程的地文时期进行解析。研究表明,①中三叠世—白垩纪晚期,由地壳升降运动引起海进海退,为研究区现代岩溶地貌发育奠定了物质基础和地势基本构架;②古新世—上新世,区内发育的内陆断陷、凹陷盆地,为现代岩溶地貌发育水动力奠定了地形条件;③渐新世末期,广西南部断块构造异常显著,区内向南流的水系溯源侵蚀能力加强,使阳朔与桂林水系贯通(漓江的形成),在水文效应下塑造了桂林现代岩溶地貌景观。因此,根据区内地质演化史、外部营力变化(水系)、地貌特征等要素,桂林岩溶地貌发育演化分为猫儿山期、山盆期和漓江期3个地文期。

       

      Abstract: This paper analyzes the development and evolution process of karst geomorphology in Guilin from the perspective of physiognomy.In order to provide scientific basis for studying the development and evolution law of karst geomorphology and exploring the protection, utilization and sustainable development of karst geomorphology.Through examining the spatial distribution characteristics of strata and landforms within the area, as well as the changes to geomorphic forces(hydrological systems), and integrating factors such as the area's tectonic development history and the changes in lithofacies paleogeographic environments, we can analyze the stages of Guilin's geomorphological development and evolution.The research indicates that: ①From the Middle Triassic to the Late Cretaceous, the rise and fall of the Earth's crust caused marine transgressions and regressions, which established the material foundation and fundamental framework for the development of the modern karst landforms in the study area.②From the Paleocene to the Pliocene, the development of inland basins due to faulting and subsidence provided the topographical conditions necessary for the development of hydrodynamic forces in modern karst landforms.③In the end of the Oligocene, the fault block structure in southern Guangxi became significantly pronounced, strengthening the ability of the region's southward flowing water systems to erode and trace their paths upstream, thereby connecting the water systems of Yangshuo and Guilin(leading to the formation of the Lijiang River).This resulted in the shaping of Guilin's modern karst landform landscape under the influence of these hydrological effects.Therefore, based on the geological evolution history, changes in external forces(hydrological systems), and geomorphological characteristics of the area, the development and evolution of Guilin's karst geomorphology can be categorized into three geologic periods: the Maoershan period, the Mountain Basin period, and the Lijiang period.

       

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