Abstract: In recent years, lithium has became one of the important emerging key minerals in the world and has been listed as strategic or critical mineral by China, the United States, Japan, the European Union, and other major economies in the world.The major economies pay more attention to the supply security of lithium resources.This study is conducted to comprehensively understand the global lithium resource characteristics and analyze the market development trend.This paper comprehensively combs the main metallogenic types, distribution characteristics, metallogenic epochs, typical metallogenic belts, as well as the market trends of lithium resources in major countries.In addition, this paper analyzes the supply-demand structure and price trend of global lithium resources, and puts forward several suggestions on ensuring the supply security of lithium resources in China.In general, the global lithium resources are rich, but the distribution, as well as supply and demand are highly concentrated.At present, the supply and demand, as well as the volume and price of international trade of global lithium resources have increased rapidly, with the vigorous development of the new energy industry all around the world.In order to relieve the tense supply situation, there are many lithium resource development projects in the world, and the investment in lithium exploration has increased year by year.As the largest lithium resource consumer in the world, China has insufficient domestic lithium resource supply and the degree of external dependence is up to 67%.Moreover, the lithium resource market of China still has problems such as imperfect industrial chain, weak financial system and weak international competitiveness of enterprises.This paper would provide considerable insights for global lithium resource characteristics, market development trends, and exploration investment.