西藏拉萨地块盐湖复式岩基中花岗斑岩的成因及其对班-怒洋闭合时限的制约

    The petrogenesis of the granite porphyry of Yanhu composite batholith in the Lhasa terrane, Tibet and its constraints on the time limit of Bangonghu-Nujiang Ocean closure

    • 摘要: 花岗质岩浆作用是大陆地壳演化、爆发式火山活动、稀有金属成矿等的关键过程。位于拉萨地块北部班公湖-怒江缝合带西段的盐湖复式岩基,是班公湖-怒江特提斯洋俯冲消减岩浆响应的重要组成部分。以西藏革吉县盐湖复式岩基中的花岗斑岩为研究对象,对其进行岩相学、锆石U-Pb年龄及岩石地球化学研究,探讨其成因。研究结果表明,盐湖复式岩基花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为103.8±0.8 Ma(MSWD=3.0,n=25),侵位于早白垩世晚期。盐湖复式岩基花岗斑岩铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为1.05~1.08,显示弱过铝质特征,具有高K2O、Na2O含量,低Mg#值(12.43~22.36)的特征,为高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩。盐湖复式岩基花岗斑岩富集K,亏损Ba、Nb、P、Zr、Ti,具有强的负Eu异常(δEu=0.20~0.48),稀土元素配分曲线呈轻稀土元素较陡、重稀土元素较平坦的右倾型,ΣREE=81.33×10-6~121.61×10-6,LREE/HREE=5.75~6.74,具有较高的Y(20.14×10-6~24.38×10-6,>18×10-6)和Yb(2.11×10-6~2.62×10-6,>1.9×10-6)、较低的Sr/Y值(4.05~6.54,<20),La/Yb=6.79~8.94,Rb/Sr=0.50~1.12。锆石饱和温度计算结果为812~823℃,估算岩浆熔体形成深度为34~40 km,揭示盐湖复式岩基中花岗斑岩是玄武质下地壳于北拉萨地块与南羌塘地块碰撞阶段高温背景下部分熔融的产物,属于板片断离事件引起基性下地壳重熔,形成的高分异I型花岗岩。

       

      Abstract: Granitic magmatism is one of the key processes of continental crust evolution,explosive volcanic activity,and rare metal mineralization.Yanhu composite batholith is located in the western section of Bangonghu-Nujiang suture zone in the north of Lhasa terrane,and is an important part of the response of Bangonghu-Nujiang Tethys Ocean subduction.In this paper,the petrography,zircon U-Pb chronology and petrogeochemistry of the granite porphyry in the Yanhu composite batholith from Geji County were studied,and its petrogenesis was discussed.The results show that the zircon U-Pb age of the Yanhu composite batholith granitic porphyry is 103.8±0.8 Ma(MSWD=3.0,n=25),and the intrusion occurred in the late Early Cretaceous.Aluminum saturation index(A/CNK)of Yanhu composite batholith granitic porphyry ranges from 1.05 to 1.08,showing weak peraluminous characteristics with high K2O,Na2O and low Mg#(12.43~22.36),indicating the high K calc-alkaline type Ⅰ-type granite.The Yanhu composite batholith granitic porphyry is enriched in K and depleted in Ba,Nb,P,Zr and Ti,and has strong negative Eu anomaly(δEu= 0.20~0.48).The REE distribution curves are characterized by right-leaning type,ΣREE=81.33×10-6~121.61×10-6,LREE/HREE=5.75~6.74,higher Y(20.14×10-6~ 24.38×10-6,> 18×10-6)and Yb(2.11×10-6~2.62×10-6,> 1.9×10-6),lower Sr/Y ratio(4.05~6.54,< 20),La/Yb=6.79~8.94.Rb/Sr = 0.50~1.12.The calculated zircon saturation temperature is 812~823℃,and the formation depth of magmatic melt is estimated to be 34~40 km,indicating that the granitic porphyry formed in the Yanhu composite batholith was partially melted products of basaltic lower crust under the high temperature background of the collision between the North Lhasa terrane and the South Qiangtang terrane.It belongs to a set of highly differentiated Ⅰ-type granites formed by remelting of the basic lower crust caused by plate fragmentation events.

       

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