Abstract: The scientific classification is the basis for realizing unified management of natural resources, and it is also the premise for conducting unified survey and monitoring of natural resources.Based on the analysis of the concept and connotation of natural resources in China and internationally, this paper reviews the existing classification system of natural resources, and summarizes experience and enlightenment.The classification based on the characteristics of natural resources such as attribute, distribution and usefulness is still the mainstream classification method adopted internationally.The classification of natural resources is more and more closely related to resource management, and the classification of service practice management is a more practical classification form in various countries at present.The classification of natural resources in China is developing towards a unified classification that combines theory and practice, principle and management.Facing the demands of the unified management of natural resources in China at present and in the future, taking the earth system science as the theoretical guidance, this paper preliminarily proposes the principles and ideas of the unified classification of natural resources, and establishes the classification system of natural resources with 8 first-level categories and 34 second-level categories.The classification system is expected to provide reference for the unified management of natural resources in China.