Geology and genesis of the Dahuangshan REE-Nb-Fe polymetallic mineralization zone in Karakoram Range
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摘要:
对喀喇昆仑山大黄山稀土-铌-铁钛多金属矿化带地质特征及矿床成因进行研究，为该区找矿勘查工作部署提供依据。通过详细的野外地质调查，在总结大黄山稀土-铌-铁钛多金属矿化带地质特征的基础上，配合镜下鉴定、矿床地球化学分析，探讨矿床成因类型与成矿作用，分析成矿期后的构造变形，预测矿化体的空间就位，提出找矿方向和找矿思路。大黄山稀土-铌-铁钛多金属矿化带含矿建造沉积环境为近陆滨-浅海碳酸盐岩台地相。矿化带处于石炭系帕斯群灰岩组（a组）上段（含矿泥质灰岩段）上部，区内延伸大于30km，西段发现2条矿化体（Ⅰ-1、Ⅰ-1），东段发现7条矿化体（Ⅱ-1~Ⅱ-7）。单矿化体一般长170~2000 m，厚度10~32 m，矿化体产状与地层产状一致，层控特征明显。矿石化学测试结果表明，矿化体内含Fe、Al、Ti、LREE、Nb、Ta等多种金属成矿元素。矿床成因类型为近陆滨海相沉积型。矿源为古陆源区红土型风化壳，以沉积物重力流和胶体溶液混合流体形式快速搬运，并在近陆滨岸地带以事件沉积作用快速卸载堆积而成。成矿期后，含矿建造遭受了强烈的构造改造，形成了总体呈NWW向展布的断褶带，带内发育的复式-叠加反"S"型褶皱构造构成了区内最特征的控矿构造样式。该带找矿前景好，找矿潜力大，通过进一步的矿产地质工作，有望在该带实现Fe、Al、Ti，尤其是稀有、稀土元素的重要找矿突破。
Abstract:The study on geology and genesis of the rare earth niobium iron titanium polymetallic mineralization zone in Dahuangshan, Kunlun Mountain, Kara can provide the basis for the exploration work in this area.Based on detailed field geological survey and summarizing of the geological characteristics of the Dahuangshan RE-Nb-Fe-Ti deposit, together with microscopic identification and geochemical analysis, the genetic types and mineralization of the iron ore are discussed.The analysis of structural deformation after metallogenic period can lead to the prediction of orebody location and prospecting target generation.The depositional environment of the ore-bearing formation in the Dahuangshan REE-Nb-Fe-Ti mineralization belt is littoral-shallow sea carbonate platform facies.The mineralization zone is located in the upper part (limestone Formation) of the Pasi Group (ore-bearing argillaceous limestone), and extends over 30 km in the area, two mineralized bodies (Ⅰ-1, Ⅰ-1) were found in the west section, and seven mineralized bodies (Ⅱ-1~Ⅱ-7) were found in the east section, Single mineralized bodies are generally 170-2000 m long and 10-32 m thick.whose attitude is consistent with strata.The ore assaying show that the mineralized bodies contain RE-Nb-Fe-Ti and other metallogenic elements.The genetic type of the deposit is offshore marine sedimentary type.The ore source is lateritic weathering crust in ancient continental area.It is presumed that the original rock is rapidly transported by mixing fluid of sediment gravity flow and colloidal solution, and rapidly unloaded and accumulated by event sedimentation in coastal zone.After the metallogenic period, the ore-bearing formation underwent intense structural transformation.The mineralized layer and the ore-bearing formation were deformed synchronously with various ore-controlling structures.The eastern part of the ore-bearing formation is characterized by a compound-superimposed fold structure, while the western part is characterized by a compression fault block-steeply dipping monoclinic structure.This area shows great prospecting potential.Through further mineral geological work, it is expected to achieve important prospecting breakthroughs for Fe, Al and Ti, especially rare and rare earth elements.After the metallogenic period, the ore-bearing structure underwent a strong structural transformation, and formed a fault-fold belt with NWW direction on the whole.The compound-superimposed inverted "S" fold structure developed in the belt constituted the most characteristic ore-controlling structural style in the area. This area shows great prospecting potential.Through further mineral geological work, it is expected to achieve important prospecting breakthroughs for Fe, Al and Ti, especially rare and rare earth elements.
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致谢: 成文过程中得到项目组合体成员的帮助和支持，中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心杨合群教授对本文提出了宝贵意见，在此一并表示感谢。
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图 1 区域地质简图
Ⅰ—塔里木陆块；Ⅰ-1—铁克里克断隆带；Ⅱ—西昆仑造山带；Ⅱ-1—西昆北岩浆弧；Ⅱ-2—西昆中微陆块；Ⅱ-3—西昆南俯冲增生杂岩带；Ⅲ—巴彦喀拉褶断带；Ⅳ—塔什库尔干-甜水海陆块；Ⅴ—明铁盖陆块；①—阿尔金南缘断裂带；②—柯岗断裂带；③—库地-其曼于特蛇绿构造混杂岩带；④—苏巴什-柳什塔格蛇绿构造混杂岩带；⑤—康西瓦-木孜塔格构造混杂岩带；⑥—乌恰-郭扎错构造混杂岩带；⑦—塔阿西构造混杂岩带
Figure 1. Regional geological map
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图 2 大黄山稀土-铌-铁-钛多金属矿化带IKONOS高分遥感影像特征
Figure 2. IKONOS high-resolution remote sensing image of the Dahuangshan REE-Nb-Fe-Ti polymetallic mineralization zone
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图 3 大黄山稀土-铌-铁-钛多金属矿化带局部变形IKONOS高分影像特征
Figure 3. IKONOS high-resolution image of local deformation in the Dahuangshan REE-Nb-Fe-Ti polymetallic mineralization zone
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图 4 研究区地质矿产图
Figure 4. Geological map showing distribution of mineral resources in the study area
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图 5 大黄山稀土-铌-铁-钛多金属矿化带内矿石野外露头照片
Figure 5. Photographs of ores in the Dahuangshan REE-Nb-Fe-Ti polymetallic mineralization zone
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图 6 大黄山稀土-铌-铁-钛多金属矿化带内矿石镜下光薄片特征
Dsp—硬水铝石；Hem—赤铁矿
Figure 6. Microphotoes of ores in the Dahuangshan REE-Nb-Fe-Ti polymetallic mineralization zone
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图 7 帕斯群a组含矿建造岩相与沉积序列柱状图
Figure 7. Lithofacies and sedimentary columnar of ore-bearing formation in the Dahuangshan REE-Nb-Fe-Ti polymetallic mineralization zone
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图 8 大黄山稀土-铌-铁-钛多金属矿化带内矿石稀土元素北美页岩标准化分布(标准化数据引自参考文献[50])
Figure 8. REE distribution in the Dahuangshan REE-Nb-Fe-Tipolymetallic mineralization zone
表 1 大黄山稀土-铌-铁-钛多金属矿化带内矿(化)体基本特征
Table 1 Ore bodies in Dahuangshan REE-Nb-Fe-Ti polymetallic mineralization zone
序号 矿体编号 形态 产状 长度/m 平均厚度/m Nb2O5/10-6 Ta2O5/10-6 REE2O3/10-6 Ti/% TFe/% 控制手段 1 Ⅰ-1 层状 242°∠44° 800 12 4.83 33.30 地表追索+探槽 2 Ⅰ-2 层状 232°∠42° 2000 10 4.90 22.97 3 Ⅱ-1 层状 222°∠62° 658 22 4.80 19.28 4 Ⅱ-2 层状 245°∠81° 743 15.9 476 29 1731 4.99 20.00 5 Ⅱ-3 层状 215°∠40° 580 32.3 276 19 918 3.35 21.45 6 Ⅱ-4 层状 260°∠56° 660 26.1 739 42 669 4.39 19.28 7 Ⅱ-5 层状 335°∠30° 631 22 403 23.62 544 4.01 17.88 8 Ⅱ-6 层状 210°∠55° 170 18 5.89 23.40 9 Ⅱ-7 层状 265°∠78° 780 20 5.36 20.45 
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表 2 大黄山稀土-铌-铁钛多金属矿化带内钛元素物相分析结果
Table 2 Phase analysis of titanium of ores from the Dahuangshan REE-Nb-Fe-Ti polymetallic mineralization zone
物相种类 钛铁矿中钛 金红石中钛 钛磁铁矿中钛 榍石和硅酸盐中钛 总量 TiO2/% TiO2/% TiO2/% TiO2/% TiO2/% 含量 4.78 1.89 1.20 < 0.01 7.87 百分比/% 60.74 24.01 15.25 0 100
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表 3 大黄山稀土-铌-铁-钛多金属矿化带内矿石地球化学测试结果
Table 3 Assaying results of ores in the Dahuangshan REE-Nb-Fe-Ti polymetallic mineralization zone
样品 MnO/TiO2 Na/Mg Fe/Ti Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) D6-1 0.03 0.69 0.92 0.85 D2-1 0.01 0.92 4.76 0.47 D8-1 0.001 0.13 2.86 0.48 D9-1 0.002 6.98 1.76 0.77 D10-1 0.01 2.78 7.07 0.38 D11-1 0.01 2.69 4.57 0.43
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表 4 大黄山稀土-铌-铁-钛多金属矿化带内矿石稀土元素测试结果
Table 4 REE assaying results of ores from the Dahuangshan REE-Nb-Fe-Ti polymetallic mineralization zone
10-6 样品号 TC3-2XT
WL6-1TC2-3XT
WL2-1TC2-1XT
WL8-1TC2-1XT
WL9-1TC2-1XT
WL10-1TC3-1XT
WL9-1La 192.00 196.00 226.00 412.00 130.00 136.00 Ce 318.00 366.00 483.00 802.00 313.00 304.00 Pr 35.80 54.40 72.80 101.00 30.70 40.00 Nd 112.00 219.00 290.00 474.00 112.00 158.00 Sm 17.00 40.40 41.80 64.90 19.80 28.90 Eu 4.62 11.60 10.20 15.10 6.63 8.42 Gd 12.80 34.80 31.60 48.00 18.60 25.30 Tb 1.47 4.93 3.60 4.89 2.36 3.55 Dy 5.75 20.60 12.70 15.10 10.00 15.70 Ho 0.91 2.93 1.88 2.11 1.48 2.52 Er 2.26 6.28 4.57 5.75 3.69 6.00 Tm 0.28 0.70 0.55 0.62 0.48 0.79 Yb 1.60 4.01 3.26 3.87 3.09 4.68 Lu 0.22 0.47 0.42 0.51 0.38 0.56 Y 21.50 61.30 38.90 45.40 37.00 61.20 LREE 679.42 887.40 1123.80 1869.00 612.13 675.32 HREE 25.29 74.72 58.58 80.85 40.08 59.10 LREE/HREE 26.87 11.88 19.18 23.12 15.27 11.43 LaN/YbN 11.31 4.61 6.54 10.04 3.97 2.74
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