地质图精确约束地层边界的沉积地层建模方法

    A Sedimentary Strata Modeling Method with Precisely Constrained Stratigraphic Boundaries from Geological Maps

    • 摘要: 【研究目的】三维地质模型在地下资源勘查、工程设计等领域中的需求日益增长,传统建模方法计算地层边界时忽略地质图空间约束,将缺失地层视为零厚度再插值计算地层边界,或按有无地层钻孔间的中线划定尖灭边界,常常面临因数据不均匀、地质条件复杂等因素导致的精度下降问题。为此,本文提出了一种地质图精确约束地层边界的三维地质模型构建方法,实现地质图与钻孔、剖面数据的深度融合。【研究方法】该方法依据地质图中地层间的拓扑关系和地层新老关系构建拓扑解析模型,自动提取地层地表分界线以精确约束地表平面分区;针对无地质图约束的未出露区域,利用钻孔分层厚度约束并引入相邻地层影响,精确计算地层尖灭位置;将地表分界线、尖灭线与建模边界整合为三元分区结构,实现地层边界的全自动追踪,最终以地层边界为硬约束插值构建无缝三维地质体。【研究结果】本文以鄂州市葛店经济技术开发区为研究区域进行方法实验,使用地质图、钻孔、剖面、DEM等数据生成优化后的地层区域边界约束,构建该地区三维地质模型并与传统建模算法进行对比分析。【结论】结果表明,本文方法能够计算出更符合地层实际分布的地层边界,构建出与实际地层吻合度更高的三维地质模型,突破了传统建模中地质图利用率低、尖灭计算不合理的瓶颈。

       

      Abstract: Research Purposes The demand for three-dimensional geological models is increasing in fields such as underground resource exploration and engineering design. Traditional modeling methods ignore the spatial constraints of the geological map when calculating stratum boundaries, treating missing strata as zero-thickness and then interpolating the stratum boundaries, or delineating pinch-out boundaries based on the midline between boreholes with and without strata. These methods often suffer from reduced accuracy due to factors such as data inhomogeneity and complex geological conditions. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for constructing three-dimensional geological models that accurately constrains stratum boundaries using the geological map, achieving deep integration of geological maps with borehole and profile data. Research Methods This method constructs a topological analytical model based on the topological relationships between strata in the geological map and the relationship between the age of strata. It automatically extracts surface stratum boundaries to accurately constrain surface planar partitions. For unexposed areas without geological map constraints, the method uses borehole layer thickness constraints and incorporates the influence of adjacent strata to accurately calculate the pinch-out locations. The surface boundary, pinch-out line, and modeling boundary are integrated into a ternary partitioning structure to automatically track stratum boundaries. Finally, a seamless three-dimensional geological volume is constructed using stratum boundaries as hard constraints through interpolation. Research Results This paper conducted a method experiment in the Gedian Economic and Technological Development Zone of Ezhou City. Using geological maps, boreholes, profiles, and DEM data, we generated optimized stratigraphic boundary constraints. A three-dimensional geological model of the region was constructed and compared with traditional modeling algorithms. Conclusion The results demonstrate that this method can calculate stratigraphic boundaries that better align with the actual distribution of strata, constructing a three-dimensional geological model that is more consistent with the actual strata. This method overcomes the bottlenecks of low geological map utilization and irrational pinch-out calculations in traditional modeling.

       

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