Objective The evaluation of ecosystem service value (ESV) is of great significance in promoting ecological civilization construction and sustainable development. By revealing the spatiotemporal changes and driving mechanisms of ecosystem service value in the Beijing−Tianjin−Hebei Region, it can provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the establishment of national land spatial planning and ecological security pattern under the background of coordinated development of Beijing−Tianjin−Hebei.

Methods Taking the Beijing−Tianjin−Hebei Region as an example, based on land use data from 1990 to 2020, this article comprehensively analyzes the spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics and driving mechanisms of ecosystem service value in the study area using modified equivalent factor method, cold and hot spot analysis, and geographic detector methods.

Results (1) The total amount of ESV showed a fluctuating trend of "growth decline rebound", with a net value added of 1.567 billion yuan over 30 years, of which the period from 2000 to 2010 experienced a phased decline due to accelerated urbanization; (2) The spatial distribution pattern of ESV is relatively stable, showing a "low−high−low−high" distribution from northwest to southeast. The high−value areas are distributed in a strip along the Bohai Bay and Yanshan Mountains, while the low value areas are concentrated in the core urban agglomeration of Beijing and Tianjin; (3) The spatial heterogeneity of ESV is driven by both natural environmental factors and socio−economic factors. Among them, the explanatory power of the interaction between nighttime light intensity and elevation is strong and contributes significantly, making it the dominant factor in spatial differentiation; (4) The driving force of socio−economic factors on the spatial differentiation of ESV in the Beijing−Tianjin−Hebei Region is significantly stronger than that of natural environmental factors, but the explanatory power of natural environmental factors such as vegetation coverage has significantly increased, reflecting that the implementation of ecological protection policies is reshaping the spatial pattern of regional ESV.

Conclusions In order to enhance the ecosystem service value of the Beijing−Tianjin−Hebei Region, measures should be taken to strengthen the restoration and protection of important ecological functional areas along the Yanshan Mountains and Bohai Bay coast; At the same time, strict restrictions will be imposed on the expansion of construction land in the eastern plain areas, protecting basic farmland and improving the quality of cultivated land.