Abstract: Geothermal energy, as a kind of carbon-free energy, with its clean, stable, wide distribution and flexible use, has shown significant importance under the background of the current national energy structure adjustment and the pursuit of "two-carbon" goal. Geothermal energy can be divided into three types: shallow geothermal energy, hydrothermal geothermal energy and dry hot rock, among which hydrothermal geothermal energy is the most mature and economically feasible geothermal energy resource at present. However, due to the insufficient analysis of the genetic mechanism of hydrothermal geothermal system, the potential of geothermal resources in China has not been fully released. It is of great practical significance to guide the scientific development and utilization of different hydrothermal geothermal systems, analyze the migration conditions and heat source mechanisms of different geothermal systems, and compare the exploration and practice cases of different technologies. From the perspective of system theory, from the basic geological elements of the hydrothermal geothermal system, classification, migration mode, geothermal system (system), important progress and exploration practice, analyzes the migration conditions of different types of hydrothermal geothermal system, heat source mechanism, discusses the use of remote sensing, geophysics, geochemical technology exploration practice progress, the important research direction of hydrothermal geothermal system in China, to provide guidance for the development and utilization of regional geothermal resources.